Effects of porosity and pore size distribution on mechanical strength reliability of industrial-scale catalyst during preparation and catalytic test steps

Zakeri, Mozhgan; Samimi, Abdolreza; Afarani, Mahdi Shafiee; Salehirad, Alireza

doi:10.1080/02726351.2016.1220437

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A single pellet test is a useful technique for studying the mechanical strength of a catalyst pellet; it refers to the external load (in Newtons) a single pellet can withstand before it fractures [13,15,17,18,26]. Parameters such as the pellet size, loading mode, loading speed, temperature, and humidity are kept as fixed variables to allow for comparison between samples [15,17,18] . The single pellet test was carried out by using a force gauge (FG-5052 model) with a maximum load measurement of 300N/pellet.…”

Section: Mechanical Testing Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Testing Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single pellet crushing strength tests on spherical pellets yield scattered strength data, which usually does not follow a normal distribution [15,17,18]. This effect leads to difficulties when predicting the mechanical failure of solid catalysts [15,17,18]. In this case, the Weibull distributions provide a facile way of predicting the probability of failures and reliabilities of skewed strength data.…”

Section: Mechanical Testing Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operational challenges that arise from the mechanical failure of solid catalysts in upscaled fixed bed operations lead to the formation of fines that change their shape and size [6,11,15,16]. This, in turn, instigates significant pressure drop, uneven flow of fluid, heat, and mass transfer limitations resulting in insufficient catalyst activity [6,11,15,17,18]. Furthermore, the fragmentations of pellets subsequently plug units downstream [6,11,15,16]; stopping operations altogether.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Use of Raw Iron Ore in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Mubenesha

Okoye-Chine

Ramutsindela

et al. 2021

Int. J. Petrol. Technol.

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Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis has been studied in the literature as a greener pathway to cleaner and sustainable hydrocarbons production. However, the cost to upscale laboratory FT formulations to pilot scale is significantly expensive. This work proposes a cheaper and scalable low-temperature FT modified iron ore catalyst that is mechanically suited for fixed bed reactors. The mechanical strength reported in this investigation was three times more than commercial alumina spherical pellets and, therefore, suitable for pilot scale scenarios. A manufacturing cost analysis of iron ore was estimated to be US$38.45/kg using the CatCost model, and the conventionally prepared iron catalyst was US$71.44/kg using the same model. The manufacturing cost estimations of modified iron ore were found to be 46% cheaper than a conventional commercial iron catalyst. The catalytic performance of the modified iron ore catalyst showed a CO conversion of 72.1% ±4.24, with WGS and C5+ selectivity 48.6% ±1.96 and 83.2% ± 5.24, respectively. These findings were comparable (both in CO conversion and product selectivity) to the ones reported by other researchers.

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Section: Mechanical Testing Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Testing Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Testing Of Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Potential Use of Raw Iron Ore in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Mubenesha

Okoye-Chine

Ramutsindela

et al. 2021

Int. J. Petrol. Technol.

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show abstract

“…This result shows that the catalyst possesses comparable, if not higher, textural properties to the existing heterogeneous catalysts used for biodiesel production which generally range from 200 to 1300 cm 2 /g for the S BET , and from 0.18 to 1.68 cm 3 /g for the V p . 8,28,34,35 Figure 3B presents the degree of thermal stability of the catalyst which is determined through TGA analysis.…”

Section: Characterization Of Cu/ds-hms-nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH ₂ ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil

et al. 2021

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To encourage the utilization of low-quality palm oil with high free fatty acid and moisture content (>0.1 wt%), a novel catalyst with two spatial shells and different active sites, double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 ), is fabricated via the two-stage hydrolysis and condensation technique. The influence of four parameters (eg, catalyst loading, temperature, reaction time, and the mass ratio of methanol to degummed palm oil (DPO)) on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are monitored and optimized using a combination of response surface methodology (RSM)and face centered-central composite experimental design (CCF-CCD). The optimized FAME yield is predicted at 86.63 wt% and experimentally obtained at 87.14 ± 0.11 wt% (FAME purity of 98.45 ± 0.67 wt%) under the following optimum condition: 55.3 C, 5 h, methanol to DPO mass ratio of 5.3:1, and 5 wt% catalyst loading. The experimental and predicted values are proportional and in direct agreement with an error of 0.51%. The goodness of fit analysis also indicates conformity between the mathematical model and the experimental results. The reusability study shows that Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 is stable until the fifth run, evident from the yield of FAME which stays above 80%. These results prove the potential utility of Cu/DS-HMS-NH 2 for the direct conversion of low-quality vegetable oils to biodiesel without any pre-treatment.

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A study on the mechanical strength of Fe2O3/Cr2O3/CuO catalyst for high temperature water gas shift reaction

Bahmani¹,

Nazari

Mehreshtiagh³

2021

J Porous Mater

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Effects of porosity and pore size distribution on mechanical strength reliability of industrial-scale catalyst during preparation and catalytic test steps

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

The Potential Use of Raw Iron Ore in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The Potential Use of Raw Iron Ore in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH ₂ ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil

A study on the mechanical strength of Fe2O3/Cr2O3/CuO catalyst for high temperature water gas shift reaction

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Effects of porosity and pore size distribution on mechanical strength reliability of industrial-scale catalyst during preparation and catalytic test steps

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

The Potential Use of Raw Iron Ore in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The Potential Use of Raw Iron Ore in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH 2 ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil

A study on the mechanical strength of Fe2O3/Cr2O3/CuO catalyst for high temperature water gas shift reaction

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Double‐shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/ DS‐HMS‐NH ₂ ) as a catalyst to promote in‐situ esterification/transesterification of low‐quality palm oil