Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cellular Populations of the Central Nervous System: The Influence of Donor Age

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biologic therapy that promotes healing responses across multiple medical fields, including the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of this therapy depends on several factors such as the donor’s health status and age. This work aims to prove the effect of PRP on cellular models of the CNS, considering the differences between PRP from young and elderly donors. Two different PRP pools were prepared from donors 65‒85 and 20‒25 years old. The cellular and molecular composition of both PRPs were analyzed. Subsequently, the cellular response was evaluated in CNS in vitro models, studying proliferation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and inflammation. While no differences in the cellular composition of PRPs were found, the molecular composition of the Young PRP showed lower levels of inflammatory molecules such as CCL-11, as well as the presence of other factors not found in Aged PRP (GDF-11). Although both PRPs had effects in terms of reducing neural progenitor cell apoptosis, stabilizing neuronal synapses, and decreasing inflammation in the microglia, the effect of the Young PRP was more pronounced. In conclusion, the molecular composition of the PRP, conditioned by the age of the donors, affects the magnitude of the biological response.

Apheresis Platelet Rich-Plasma for Regenerative Medicine: An In Vitro Study on Osteogenic Potential

“…This result is in line with that reported by Evanson et al demonstrating higher GFs for females and for those <25 years old [62]. However, in agreement with previous studies [42,63], higher cytokines and GFs concentration seems to not be related to a positive effect on cell proliferation (see Figure 2).…”

Isolation of Platelet-Derived Exosomes from Human Platelet-Rich Plasma: Biochemical and Morphological Characterization

“…Regardless of the involvement of calpains, other proteases known to be released by platelets (e.g., MMP-9 [ 48 ] and ADAM DEC1 [ 49 ] metalloproteinases) or unknown mechanisms, upregulation or elevated serum levels of the four mediators that decreased most strongly in PRP relative to PPP have been associated with a variety of pathological effects and conditions such as TNF-α-induced proinflammatory responses in Alzheimer’s disease (lipocalin-2 [ 50 ]), diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular risk (cystatin-C [ 51 , 52 ]), suppression of bone formation by inducing fibrosis (chitinase 3-like 1 [ 53 ]), or suppression of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of adipose-derived stem cells (IGFBP-3 [ 54 ]). Altogether, these results further reinforce the already proven suitability of the preparation method used here to obtain a highly effective PRP for regenerative therapy [ 5 , 6 , 26 ].…”

“…PRP is a plasma product from patients’ own blood, which aims to increase the number of platelets and the concentration of molecular mediators that exert therapeutic effects, while eliminating unwanted elements such as red blood cells [ 2 ]. Thus, the selective enrichment in growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines is considered to be responsible for the effects of PRP in improving clinical conditions in a variety of disease situations [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…With these considerations in mind, the main aim of the present study was to provide updated information on the molecular and morphological characterization of exosomes released from human platelets. To this end, we isolated and characterized by biochemical and morphological criteria highly purified human PLT-Exos released by calcium-activated platelets, which were isolated from PRP obtained from donors and prepared by a method widely proven for its efficacy in vitro [ 5 ], in vivo [ 6 ], and in clinical studies [ 26 ].…”

Effects of platelet‐rich plasma on the memory impairment, apoptosis, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy

“…Microglia through apoptosis can shape the adult hippocampal neurogenesis (Sierra et al., 2010). Following the evaluation of cellular response in in‐vitro models, PRP had effects in terms of decreasing inflammation in the microglia, reducing apoptosis in the neural progenitor cells, and stabilizing the neuronal synapses (Delgado et al., 2021).…”