Effects of photodynamic therapy, 2 % chlorhexidine, triantibiotic mixture, propolis and ozone on root canals experimentally infected with Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study

Camacho-Alonso, Fabio; Salmerón-Lozano, P; Beneyto, Yolanda Martínez

doi:10.1007/s10266-016-0271-4

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…To avoid this problem, the use of local application techniques to eliminate residual bacteria from the root canal space have been described, such as the use of local triple antibiotic paste combining ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline that can efficiently reduce bacteria but with the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance [ 26 ], aPDT has also been investigated in the endodontic field for its promising antimicrobial action. In an in vitro study, Camacho-Alonso et al [ 27 ] compared the antimicrobial effect of triple antibiotic paste, 2% chlorhexidine, ozone therapy, and aPDT and showed significant bacterial reduction in all of them compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review

2021

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Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a growing global problem where overprescription is a contributing factor for its development. In the endodontics field, complementary treatments, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), have been described to eliminate residual bacteria from the root canal space and reduce complications. The aim of this review is to describe the literature evidence up to now regarding the advantages, efficiency, and clinical outcomes of this therapy in endodontics as a possible tool to combat antibiotic resistance. Methods: A review of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was carried out using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two steps were taken: First, articles were compiled through the terms and MeSH terms “Photochesdmotherapy” and “endodontics.” Then, a second search was conducted using “photodynamic therapy” and “antibiotic resistance” or “drug resistance, microbial.” Results: A total of 51 articles were included for evaluation: 27 laboratory studies, 14 reviews, and 10 clinical studies. Laboratory studies show that aPDT achieves significant bacterial elimination, even against antibiotic-resistant species, and is also effective in biofilm disruption. Clinical studies suggest that aPDT can be considered a promising technique to reduce bacterial complications, and reviews about the issue confirm its advantages. Conclusion: The benefits of aPDT in reducing complications due to its antibacterial effects means a possible decrease in systemic antibiotic prescription in endodontics. In addition, it could be an alternative to local intracanal antibiotic therapy, avoiding the appearance of possible antibiotic resistance, as no bacterial resistance with aPDT has been described to date.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review

2021

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“…Similar research was performed by Camacho-Alonso et al, who compared the activity of ozone with that of NaOCl solution, chlorhexidine, tri-antibiotic mixture, propolis and photodynamic therapy against E. faecalis. All the applied procedures were effective [37]. A comparison of a greater group of antibacterial procedures was conducted by Sancakli et al, who analyzed not only ozonation but also chlorhexidine and laser therapy Er:YAG (Erbiumdoped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet laser), KTP crystal (PotassiumTitanylPhosphate crystal (KTiOPO 4 )), alone or in combination, against Streptococcus mutans.…”

Section: Gaseous Ozone Ozonated Water and Ozonated Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Selected Nanomaterials and Ozone in Modern Clinical Dentistry

et al. 2021

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This review is an attempt to summarize current research on ozone, titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver (Ag), copper oxide CuO and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs). These agents can be used in various fields of dentistry such as conservative dentistry, endodontic, prosthetic or dental surgery. Nanotechnology and ozone can facilitate the dentist’s work by providing antimicrobial properties to dental materials or ensuring a decontaminated work area. However, the high potential of these agents for use in medicine should be confirmed in further research due to possible side effects, especially in long duration of observation so that the best way to apply them can be obtained.

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“…Subsequently, the disks were exposed to laser light for 60 seconds in non-contact mode through a focalized zoom handpiece perpendicular to the disc surface (the handpiece tip was kept at a distance of about 3 cm from the disc surface), following the manufacturer's instructions (Figure 1C). For treatment three (chitosan), the discs were covered with 300 μL of chitosan (low viscous, low molecular weight) ** dissolved in acidified water with 1% acetic acid † † , at a concentration of 3 mg/mL (as proposed by Fabio et al, 29 Camacho-Alonso et al, 30,31 and Shrestha and Kishen, 42 for assessment of its antibacterial and antifungal activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosas, and Candida albicans). This was left in situ for 3 minutes.…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is based on the topical or systemic administration of a photosensitizer (PS) followed by low-dose irradiation with visible light of a suitable wavelength, whereby the PS passes from its fundamental state to an excited state. [29][30][31] Also, in recent years, the topical application of chitosan (as a substitute for antibiotics) has been successfully used in the treatment of peri-implantitis, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] however as with PDT treatment, more scientific evidence is still necessary. Chitosan is a natural linear polysaccharide composed of β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be an effective treatment against peri‐implantitis, fundamentally because of its ability to access and penetrate the irregular surface of the implant, 27,28 nevertheless more scientific evidence is still necessary. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is based on the topical or systemic administration of a photosensitizer (PS) followed by low‐dose irradiation with visible light of a suitable wavelength, whereby the PS passes from its fundamental state to an excited state 29–31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy and chitosan on the titanium‐adherent biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An in vitro study

Camacho-Alonso

Salinas

Sánchez‐Siles

et al. 2021

Journal of Periodontology

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Background: To date, no studies on the combined use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chitosan against peri-implantitis have been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible synergistic antimicrobial effect of PDT and chitosan on the titanium-adherent biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: A total of 60 titanium discs were included in this study. The discs were randomized into three bacterial contaminations (n = 20 discs per bacterium). After being cultured (incubated for 48 hours) they were randomized again into four different disinfection modalities (n = 5 discs per treatment): control (without treatment), PDT, chitosan 3 mg/mL, and PDT + chitosan 3 mg/mL. After the treatments, the colony forming units (CFU) were measured to determine antimicrobial effects, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study cell morphology and titanium adherence.Results: For all the evaluated bacteria and all the variables studied the order from highest to lowest antimicrobial effectiveness was: PDT + chitosan 3 mg/mL > chitosan 3 mg/mL > PDT > control. Although, all disinfection methods were significantly effective when compared to control, the combined treatment of PDT + chitosan 3 mg/mL had the greatest antimicrobial effect against the three studied bacteria. Conclusions: The combination of PDT and chitosan has a synergistic antimicrobial effect against the bacteria S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, all closely related to peri-implantitis. However, further in vivo studies are needed because this study provides data based on an in vitro scenario that might not be extrapolated to patients with peri-implantitis.

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Effects of photodynamic therapy, 2 % chlorhexidine, triantibiotic mixture, propolis and ozone on root canals experimentally infected with Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review

Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review

Application of Selected Nanomaterials and Ozone in Modern Clinical Dentistry

Synergistic antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy and chitosan on the titanium‐adherent biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An in vitro study

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