Effects of pH, ionic strength, dissolved organic matter, and flow rate on the co-transport of MS2 bacteriophages with kaolinite in gravel aquifer media

Walshe, Gillian E.; Pang, Liping; Flury, Markus; Close, Murray E.; Flintoft, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.034

Cited by 144 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Viruses associated with organic or inorganic particles are protected from inactivation by chlorine (49), UV (40), and salinity (osmotic shock) (50) because these exogenous stresses are impeded by the entities that capture the viral particles. Furthermore, enteric viruses associated with environmental suspended solids may be transported in a different manner from freely moving virions (51,52). Thus, HuNoV particles associated with HBGA-positive EPS that is attached to or disengaged from enteric bacterial cells must have different fates from free viral particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances of Human Enteric Bacteria as Specific Adsorbents for Human Noroviruses

Miura

Sano

Suenaga

et al. 2013

J Virol

168

183

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bHisto-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been suggested to be receptors or coreceptors for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) expressed on the intestinal epithelium. We isolated an enteric bacterium strain (SENG-6), closely related to Enterobacter cloacae, bearing HBGA-like substances from a fecal sample of a healthy individual by using a biopanning technique with anti-HBGA antibodies. The binding capacities of four genotypes of norovirus-like particles (NoVLPs) to Enterobacter sp. SENG-6 cells were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that NoVLPs bound mainly to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Enterobacter sp. SENG-6, where the HBGA-like substances were localized. EPS that contained HBGA-like substances extracted from Enterobacter sp. SENG-6 was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be capable of binding to NoVLPs of a GI.1 wild-type strain (8fIIa) and a GII.6 strain that can recognize A antigen but not to an NoVLP GI.1 mutant strain (W375A) that loses the ability to bind to A antigen. Enzymatic cleavage of terminal N-acetyl-galactosamine residues in the bacterial EPS weakened bacterial EPS binding to the GI.1 wild-type strain (8fIIa). These results indicate that A-like substances in the bacterial EPS play a key role in binding to NoVLPs. Since the specific binding of HuNoVs to HBGA-positive enteric bacteria is likely to affect the transmission and infection processes of HuNoVs in their hosts and in the environment, further studies of human enteric bacteria and their binding capacity to HuNoVs will provide a new scientific platform for understanding interactions between two types of microbes that were previously regarded as biologically unrelated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances of Human Enteric Bacteria as Specific Adsorbents for Human Noroviruses

Miura

Sano

Suenaga

et al. 2013

J Virol

168

183

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“…This study investigated the comparative persistence of subgroups of Fϩ RNA phages in surface water in order to avoid incorrect interpretation when they are used for microbial source tracking. The effects of temperature, pH, indigenous microorganisms and their enzymes, and suspended solids on the persistence of Fϩ RNA phages were determined, since they are the major factors affecting the survival of viruses in surface water (21)(22)(23). The conditions tested were controlled so as to observe their specific effects on phage persistence, and synergistic or antagonistic effects of different stresses may occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Yang

Griffiths

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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F-specific (F؉) RNA phages are widely used as indicators for the presence of fecal contamination and/or enteric viruses in water, and identifying subgroups of F؉ RNA phages provides an approach for microbial source tracking. Different survival characteristics of the F؉ RNA phage subgroups result in a misinterpretation of their original proportion in water, thus giving misleading information when they are used for microbial source tracking. This study investigated the comparative persistence of subgroups of F؉ RNA phages in river water under different conditions. Results suggested that temperature and pH are the major factors affecting the persistence of F؉ RNA phages in river water, and organic substances promote phage survival. The comparative persistence patterns of subgroups of F؉ RNA phages varied and may bias extrapolation of their initial proportions in surface water. Thus, the characteristics of water should be taken into consideration and the results should be carefully interpreted when F؉ RNA phages are used for microbial source tracking. F-specific (Fϩ) RNA phages are a group of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages belonging to the family Leviviridae (1, 2); they infect host bacteria by absorbing to and injecting RNA through sex pili on the surfaces of the cells (3). Fϩ RNA phages are divided into four subgroups according to their serology and phylogeny (4) and have been recommended as indicators for the presence of viral pathogens and fecal contamination, since they are similar to enteric viruses in genomic and physical properties, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route as are enteric viruses, and their presence is highly correlated to viral contamination in various water types (3, 5). An interesting phenomenon is that subgroups II and III are generally of human origin and subgroups I and IV are predominantly isolated from animal feces (6, 7). This provides the potential to distinguish fecal contamination of human or animal origin.Phage groups differ in their resistances to environmental stressors and exhibit various persistences in aquatic environments (8), which may bias the relative prevalence of different phage groups in aquatic environments, thus leading to potential errors in the assessment of water quality. In order to assess the usefulness of viral indicators and to collect quantitative information necessary for risk assessment of water quality and water disinfection processes, investigations on the survival characteristics of some phages have been conducted (9, 10). However, most of these studies have investigated the impact of only one stressor on the survival characteristics of phage indicators (1), or employed one phage strain as a surrogate to determine the effect of environmental or processing stresses on viral survival or activity (11). Little information is currently available about the differential persistence among the four subgroups of Fϩ RNA bacteriophages in surface water, a main source of water for irrigation. Differential persistence of subgroups of Fϩ RNA phages may bias th...

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“…Note that the CFT assumes that the column packing is clean, and that deposited colloids do not affect the rate of colloid removal. If a collector becomes partly blocked by the presence of attached viruses, then a may either increase or decrease when additional viruses are added, depending on whether virus-virus attachment is favorable or unfavorable (Walshe et al 2010). Although detachment rate constants and inactivation of hAdV35 in the laboratory-scale column experiments of this study were assumed to be relatively negligible due to short residence time, certainly this may not be the case for hAdV35 transport at the field-scale where the detachment rate and inactivation constants of suspended and attached viruses could be significant.…”

Section: Calculation Of Parameter Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the potential threat to public health, numerous studies have focused on microorganism transport and fate in fractured and porous media (Flynn et al 2004;Masciopinto et al 2008;Cao et al 2010;Chrysikopoulos et al 2010). Theoretical and experimental studies have examined the effect of pore water solution chemistry, fluid velocity, matrix structure, moisture content, temperature, grain size, and presence of surface coatings on viral transport and retention in porous media Chrysikopoulos 2011, 2013;Chrysikopoulos 2006, 2009;Bolster et al 2001;Sim and Chrysikopoulos 2000;Jin et al 1997;Sadeghi et al 2011;Walshe et al 2010;Katzourakis and Chrysikopoulos 2014). Most viral transport studies focus on bacteriophages, with MS2 being the most common (Powelson et al 1991;Dowd et al 1998;Schijven et al 2002;Weaver et al 2013;Chu et al 2003;Zhuang and Jin 2003a, b;Han et al 2006;Zhuang and Jin 2008;Syngouna and Chrysikopoulos 2011;Wong et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Human Adenoviruses in Water Saturated Laboratory Columns

et al. 2015

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Groundwater may be contaminated with infective human enteric viruses from various wastewater discharges, sanitary landfills, septic tanks, agricultural practices, and artificial groundwater recharge. Coliphages have been widely used as surrogates of enteric viruses, because they share many fundamental properties and features. Although a large number of studies focusing on various factors (i.e. pore water solution chemistry, fluid velocity, moisture content, temperature, and grain size) that affect biocolloid (bacteria, viruses) transport have been published over the past two decades, little attention has been given toward human adenoviruses (hAdVs). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pore water velocity on hAdV transport in water saturated laboratory-scale columns packed with glass beads. The effects of pore water velocity on virus transport and retention in porous media was examined at three pore water velocities (0.39, 0.75, and 1.22 cm/min). The results indicated that all estimated average mass recovery values for hAdV were lower than those of coliphages, which were previously reported in the literature by others for experiments conducted under similar experimental conditions. However, no obvious relationship between hAdV mass recovery and water velocity could be established from the experimental results. The collision efficiencies were quantified using the classical colloid filtration theory. Average collision efficiency, α, values decreased with decreasing flow rate, Q, and pore water velocity, U, but no significant effect of U on α was observed. Furthermore, the surface properties of viruses and glass beads were used to construct classical DLVO potential energy profiles. The results revealed that the experimental conditions of this study were unfavorable to deposition and that no aggregation between virus particles is expected to occur. A thorough understanding of the key processes governing virus transport is pivotal for public health protection.

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Effects of pH, ionic strength, dissolved organic matter, and flow rate on the co-transport of MS2 bacteriophages with kaolinite in gravel aquifer media

Cited by 144 publications

References 64 publications

Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances of Human Enteric Bacteria as Specific Adsorbents for Human Noroviruses

Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances of Human Enteric Bacteria as Specific Adsorbents for Human Noroviruses

Comparative Persistence of Subgroups of F-Specific RNA Phages in River Water

Transport of Human Adenoviruses in Water Saturated Laboratory Columns

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