Effects of particle size distribution, compositional and color properties of ground corn on quality of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Liu, KeShun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.067

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fermentation of corn mash concentrates DDGS protein by 3.59 times, oil by 3.40 times, and nonstarch carbohydrate by 2.89 times (Liu 2009). Fermentation of corn mash concentrates DDGS protein by 3.59 times, oil by 3.40 times, and nonstarch carbohydrate by 2.89 times (Liu 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Pigmented Maize in Both Conventional Dry‐Grind and Modified Processes Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme

et al. 2016

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Cereal Chem. 93(4):344-351In the dry-grind ethanol process, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is the main coproduct, which is primarily used as an ingredient in ruminant animal diets. Increasing the value of DDGS will improve the profitability of the dry-grind ethanol process. One way to increase DDGS value is to use pigmented maize as the feedstock for ethanol production. Pigmented maize is rich in anthocyanin content, and the anthocyanin imparts red, blue, and purple color to the grain. It is reported that anthocyanin would be absorbed by yeast cell walls during the fermentation process. The effects of anthocyanin on fermentation characteristics in the dry-grind process are not known. In this study, the effects of anthocyanin in conventional (conventional starch hydrolyzing enzymes) and modified (granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes [GSHE]) dry-grind processes were evaluated. The modified process using GSHE replaced high-temperature liquefaction. The ethanol conversion efficiencies of pigmented maize were comparable to that of yellow dent corn in both conventional (78.4 ± 0.5% for blue maize, 74.3 ± 0.4% for red maize, 81.2 ± 1.0% for purple maize, and 75.1 ± 0.2% for yellow dent corn) and modified dry-grind processes using GSHE (83.8 ± 0.8% for blue maize, 81.1 ± 0.3% for red maize, 93.5 ± 0.8% for purple maize, and 85.6 ± 0.1% for yellow dent corn). Total anthocyanin content in DDGS from the modified process was 1.4, 1.9, and 2.4 times of that from the conventional process for purple, red, and blue maize samples, respectively. These results indicated that pigmented maize rich in anthocyanin did not negatively affect the fermentation characteristics of the dry-grind process and that there was a potential to use pigmented maize in the dry-grind process, especially when using GSHE. † Corresponding

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confidence: 99%

Use of Pigmented Maize in Both Conventional Dry‐Grind and Modified Processes Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme

et al. 2016

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“…The difference in composition was reported in Liu (2009). For milled corn, the mean contents (% dry matter) for protein, oil, starch, total nonstarch carbohydrate, total carbohydrate, and ash are ≈7.73, 3.43, 69.75, 17.87, 87.61, and 1.33, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Selected Factors Affecting Crude Oil Analysis of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as Compared with Milled Corn

Liu¹

2010

Cereal Chem

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Cereal Chem. 87(3):243-249With increasing production of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), both fuel ethanol and animal feed industries are demanding standardized protocols for characterizing quality. AOCS Approved Procedure (Am 5-04) was used for measuring crude oil content in milled corn and resulting DDGS. Selected factors, including sample type (milled corn, DDGS), sample origin (ethanol plant 1, 2, 3), sample particle size (original matrix, <0.71 mm, <0.50 mm mesh opening; the last two materials were obtained by grinding and sieving), solvent type (petroleum ether, hexane), extraction time (30, 60 min), and postextraction drying time (30, 60 min) were investigated by a complete factorial design. For milled corn, only sample origin and extraction time had significant effects (P < 0.05) on crude oil values measured, but for DDGS, besides those two factors, sample particle size, solvent type, and drying time also had significant effects. Among them, the particle size of DDGS had the most effect. On average, measured oil content in DDGS ranged from 11.11% (original matrix) to 12.12% (<0.71 mm) and to 12.55% (<0.50 mm). For measuring the crude oil content of DDGS, particle size reduction, 60 min of extraction, and 60 min of drying are recommended. Regardless of the underlining factors, the method was very repeatable (standard errors <0.05). The observed particle size effect on crude oil analysis of DDGS suggests the need for similar confirmations using other analytical methods.

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“…Factors such as variability in nutrient profile of parental feedstocks, the extent of drying, drying temperature (Kingsly et al, 2010), physical properties (e.g. particle size distribution; Liu, 2009) and amounts of distiller's solubles added back to DDGS greatly affect the nutrient profiles of DDGS (Belyea et al, 1998;Kleinschmit, et al, 2007). Spieh et al (2002) reported that there was variation in chemical compositions of corn DDGS among bioethanol plants in South Dakota and Minnesota in a 3-year study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing protein availability of different bioethanol coproducts in dairy cattle

Azarfar

Jonker

2013

Animal

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Bioethanol production has led to the production of considerable quantities of different coproducts. Variation in nutrient profiles as well as nutrient availability among these coproducts may lead to an imbalance in the formulation of diets. The objectives of this study were to fractionate protein and carbohydrates by anin situapproach, to determine ruminal availability of nutrients for microbial protein synthesis and to determine protein availability to dairy cattle for three types of dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS; 100% wheat DDGS (WDDGS); DDGS blend1 (BDDGS1, corn to wheat ratio 30 : 70); DDGS blend2 (BDDGS2, corn to wheat ratio 50 : 50)) and for different batches within DDGS type using the 2010 DVE/OEB protein evaluation system. The results indicated that all DDGS types are quantitatively good sources of true protein digested and absorbed in the small intestine (DVE values; 177, 184 and 170 g/kg dry matter (DM) for WDDGS, BDDGS1 and BDDGS2, respectively). Rumen degraded protein balances (OEB) values were 159, 82, 65 g/kg DM in WDDGS, BDDGS1 and BDDGS2, respectively. Despite the differences in ruminal availability of nutrients among the different batches of DDGS, the DVE values only differed between the batches of BDDGS1 (194v. 176 g/kg DM). In conclusion, when DDGS is included in the rations of dairy cattle, variation in its protein value due to factors such as DDGS batch should be taken into consideration.

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Effects of particle size distribution, compositional and color properties of ground corn on quality of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Cited by 61 publications

References 8 publications

Use of Pigmented Maize in Both Conventional Dry‐Grind and Modified Processes Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme

Use of Pigmented Maize in Both Conventional Dry‐Grind and Modified Processes Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme

Selected Factors Affecting Crude Oil Analysis of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as Compared with Milled Corn

Assessing protein availability of different bioethanol coproducts in dairy cattle

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