Anaerobic degradation of alkanes in hydrocarbon-rich environments has been documented
and different degradation strategies proposed, of which the most encountered one is
fumarate addition mechanism, generating alkylsuccinates as specific biomarkers.
However, little is known about the mechanisms of anaerobic degradation of alkanes in
oil reservoirs, due to low concentrations of signature metabolites and lack of mass
spectral characteristics to allow identification. In this work, we used a
multidisciplinary approach combining metabolite profiling and selective gene assays
to establish the biodegradation mechanism of alkanes in oil reservoirs. A total of
twelve production fluids from three different oil reservoirs were collected and
treated with alkali; organic acids were extracted, derivatized with ethanol to form
ethyl esters and determined using GC-MS analysis. Collectively, signature metabolite
alkylsuccinates of parent compounds from C1 to C8 together with their (putative)
downstream metabolites were detected from these samples. Additionally, metabolites
indicative of the anaerobic degradation of mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons
(2-benzylsuccinate, naphthoate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthoate) were also observed.
The detection of alkylsuccinates and genes encoding for alkylsuccinate synthase
shows that anaerobic degradation of alkanes via fumarate addition occurs in oil
reservoirs. This work provides strong evidence on the in situ anaerobic
biodegradation mechanisms of hydrocarbons by fumarate addition.