Effects of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Ethylene on Growth, Sclerotial Production, Germination, and Infection by<i>Sclerotinia minor</i>

Imolehin, E. D.; Grogan, R. G.

doi:10.1094/phyto-70-1158

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, a preliminan experiment was inconclusive . Ethylene could also be involved, as shown by Imolehin & Grogan (1980) with the root pathogen Sclerotinia minor, as well as ammonia, amines, alcohols, sulphur compounds or low-molecular weight fatty acids . However, all these experiments having been done in very artificial laboratory conditions, great caution should be taken in extrapolating to the rhizosphere.…”

Section: Effect Of Mhbs On the Fungal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to identify these volatile substances are presently underway. Carbon dioxide could play a role, because it has been shown that, depending on its concentration, it differentially inhibits or stimulates the growth of different fungi (Boasson & Shaw^ 1979Le Tacon, Skinner & Mosse, 1983;Straatsma, Van Griensven & Bruinsma, 1986;Imolehin & Grogan, 1980). However, a preliminan experiment was inconclusive .…”

Section: Effect Of Mhbs On the Fungal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tansley Review No. 76 Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis

1994

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SUMMARYThe symbiotic establishment of mycorrhizal fungi on plant roots is affected m various ways by the other microorganisms of the rhizosphere, and more especially by bacteria. This review discusses the case of some of these bacteria which consistently promote mycorrhizal development, leadmg to the concept of ' mycorrhization' helper bacteria (MHBs). Examples of MHB evidence are given from the literature, with special reference to the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menzeisii Mirb. Eranco)-Lacron'o laccata Scop, ex Fr. ectomycorrhizal combination which has been more extensively studied. The fungal specificity of some MHBs and the various mechanisms underlying their effect are discussed, considering five hypotheses: effects on the receptivity of the root, effects on the root-fungus recognition, effects on the fungal growth, modification of the rhizospheric soil, and effects on the germination of the fungal propagule.MHBs are then considered for their ecological and evolutionary implications, and examples of practical applications in forest nurseries are given: when added to the fungal inoculum, MHBs can improve the success of ectomycorrhizal inoculation of planting stocks with fungi selected for their outstanding growth stimulation after outplanting.The conclusion points out a number of fundamental questions which remain unanswered about mycorrhization helper bacteria and suggests some investigation priorities in this new field of mycorrhiza research.

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Section: Effect Of Mhbs On the Fungal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Mhbs On the Fungal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 76 Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis

1994

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“…Under furrow irrigation, however, nearly the entire host biomass (both above-and belowground) was converted to pathogen biomass, suggesting the soilborne inoculum under this management practice could increase rapidly with repeated lettuce crops, as in the Salinas Valley. Previously, the production of sclerotia on belowground plant parts was reported either as not occurring (8) or as occurring only down to 5 cm below the surface of the soil (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Lettuce Diseases and Yield Under Subsurface Drip and Furrow Irrigation

Subbarao¹,

Hubbard²,

Schulbach³

1997

Phytopathology®

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Subsurface drip and furrow irrigation were compared on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cvs. Salinas and Misty Day for yield and incidence and severity of three important diseases of lettuce in the Salinas Valley, CA. Experiments were conducted between 1993 and 1995 during the spring and fall seasons. The diseases examined included lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor), downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), and corky root (Rhizomonas suberifaciens). Replicated plots of subsurface drip and furrow irrigation were arranged in a randomized complete-block design. All plants were inoculated with S. minor at the initiation of the experiment during the 1993 spring season. Plots were not inoculated for downy mildew and corky root during any season nor were the plots reinoculated with S. minor. During each season, all plots were sprinkler irrigated until thinning, and subsequently, the irrigation treatments were begun. The furrow plots were irrigated once per week, and the drip plots received water twice per week. The distribution of soil moisture at two soil depths (0 to 5 and 6 to 15 cm) at 5, 10, and 15 cm distance on either side of the bed center in two diagonal directions was significantly lower in drip-irrigated compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Plots were evaluated for lettuce drop incidence and downy mildew incidence and severity at weekly intervals until harvest. Corky root severity and yield components were determined at maturity. Lettuce drop incidence and corky root severity were significantly lower and yields were higher in plots under subsurface drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation, regardless of the cultivar, except during the 1994 fall season. Incidence and severity of downy mildew were not significantly different between the two irrigation methods throughout the study. The differential microclimates created by the two irrigation treatments did not affect downy mildew infection, presumably because the mesoclimate is usually favorable in the Salinas Valley. Subsurface drip irrigation is a viable, long-term strategy for soilborne disease management in lettuce in the Salinas Valley.

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“…A number of factors affect the survival and germination of fungal sclerotia such as soil moisture and temperature (Duniway, et al, 1977;Huang, 1980;Hannusch, andBoland, 1996 Mclaren, et al, 1996) sclorotial shape (Huang and Kozub, 1994), soil gases (Imolehin and Grogan, 1980) chemicals such as cinnamic acid derivatives (Galal and El-Bana, 2002), activities of other microorganisms (Mischke, et. al., 1995 andBell, et.…”

Section: Effect Of Ca-salts On the Carpogenic Germination Of S Sclero...mentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF CALCIUM SALTS ON GROWTH , SCLEROTIA AND INFECTIVITY OF Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

El-Bana

Hassan;

Abdou

et al. 2006

AJAS

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The objective of this work was to study the effects of calcium salts on growth, sclerotia production, carpogenic germination and infectivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary ascospores. Morphological and pathological variability was induced to the fungus by calcium salts. Effects of calcium were varied with various calcium forms and their concentrations tested. Calcium acetate was the most effective to inhibit growth of the fungus, which expressed as linear growth on agar medium or mycelial dry weight onto liquid medium. On the other hand, calcium phosphate showed the highest inhibitory effect toward sclerotia production by the tested fungus grown onto either solid or liquid media. Since it caused 75% inhibition for sclerotia production at 4000 ppm and completely prevented sclerotia production at 8000 ppm.Otherwise, calcium chloride provided the highest inhibitory effect to carpogenic germination. Also, number of apothecia was greatly affected by calcium acetate, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. Moreover, infectivity of S. sclerotiorum ascospores was varied with calcium salts tested. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxide were the most suppressive to ascospores infectivity.

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Effects of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Ethylene on Growth, Sclerotial Production, Germination, and Infection bySclerotinia minor

Abstract: , for use of controlled-atmosphere facilities; to K. A. Kimble and Curt Waters for technical assistance; and to Jeff Hall for preparation of illustrations.

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Tansley Review No. 76 Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis

Tansley Review No. 76 Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis

Comparison of Lettuce Diseases and Yield Under Subsurface Drip and Furrow Irrigation

EFFECT OF CALCIUM SALTS ON GROWTH , SCLEROTIA AND INFECTIVITY OF Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

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