Effects of orthodox religious fasting versus combined energy and time restricted eating on body weight, lipid concentrations and glycaemic profile

Karras, Spyridon Ν.; Koufakis, Theocharis; Adamidou, Lilian; Antonopoulou, Vasiliki; Karalazou, Paraskevi; Thisiadou, Katerina; Mitrofanova, Elina; Mulrooney, Hilda; Petróczi, Andrea; Zebekakis, Pantelis; Makedou, Kali; Kotsa, Kalliopi

doi:10.1080/09637486.2020.1760218

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sutton and colleagues [ 34 ] found that a 5-week of 8-h early time restricted feeding improved insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, b cell responsiveness, blood pressure, and oxidative stress levels in men with prediabetes even though food intake was matched to the control arm and no weight loss occurred. Similarly, another study conducted during orthodox religious fasting reported that time restricted eating might be associated with better metabolic and glycemic profile [ 35 , 36 ]. Maintaining adequate blood pressure prevents cerebral microhemorrhages which contribute to cognitive impairment, geriatric psychiatric syndromes, and gait disorders [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Time Restricted Feeding and Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults

et al. 2021

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Background: Due to the increased life expectancy, the prevalence of aging-related health conditions, such as cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is increasing. Among the modifiable risk factors, dietary factors have proved to be of primary importance in preserving and improving mental health and cognitive status in older adults, possibly through the modulation of adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity and brain signaling. Feeding/fasting timing manipulation has emerged as an innovative strategy to counteract and treat cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the timing of the feeding period and cognitive status in a cross-sectional cohort of adults living in the Mediterranean area. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 883 adults living in Southern Italy (Sicily) were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate the time window between the first and the last meal of an average day. Participants with an eating time window duration of more than 10 h were then identified, as well as those with eating time restricted to less than 10 h (TRF). Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals adherent to TRF were less likely to have cognitive impairment, compared to those with no eating time restrictions [odds ratio (OR) = 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.07–0.90]; a similar association was found for individuals having breakfast (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.89), but not for those having dinner. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that time restricted eating may be positively associated with cognitive status, and thus exert plausible effects on brain health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Time Restricted Feeding and Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults

et al. 2021

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“…Orthodox religious fasting and Ramadan can be also considered forms of TRF since food intake is only allowed at certain times of the day. Some studies showed that TRF associated with Orthodox fasting and Ramadan led to better body composition and a reduced risk of become obese [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], although other studies reported inconsistent results, often transient and heterogeneous [ 36 , 37 ]. However, there are some issues that do not allow to appropriately compare religious fasting to TRF regimens: the light/dark cycle of fasting and eating is often shifted as compared to natural circadian rhythms, the length of fasting window varies depending on geographical location and year, and various implementations of Ramadan fasting exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Restricted Feeding and Metabolic Outcomes in a Cohort of Italian Adults

et al. 2021

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Background: research exploring the effects of food timing and frequency on health and disease is currently ongoing. While there is an increasing body of scientific literature showing the potential health benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) in laboratory settings and in animals, studies regarding IF on humans are limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the feeding/fasting time window and metabolic outcomes among adult individuals. Methods: dietary and demographic data of 1936 adult subjects living in the south of Italy were examined. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were administered to determine the period of time between the first and the last meal of a typical day. Subjects were then divided into those with a time feeding window lasting more than 10 h, within 8 h (TRF-8) and within 10 h. Results: after adjustment for potential confounding factors related to eating habits (such as adherence to the Mediterranean diet, having breakfast/dinner), TRF-10 was inversely associated with being overweight/obese (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07), hypertension (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.45), and dyslipidemias (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.63), while TRF-8 only with being overweight/obese (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.15) and hypertension (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.60). No associations were found with type-2 diabetes. Conclusions: individuals with a restricted feeding time window were less likely to be overweight, obese and hypertensive. Further studies are needed to clearly validate the results of the present study.

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“…The design and methods of dietary intervention used in the study have been previously reported [9,10]. In brief, the intervention lasted 7 weeks (48 days) and occurred during Lent fasting, preceding Orthodox Easter (March and April, 2019).…”

Section: Dietary Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results are expressed as ng/mL. Reference ranges of values other than that of irisin and inter-and intra-assay coefficients of variation for the examined parameters have been previously reported [9,10].…”

Section: Biochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human and animal research has been so far indicative of a positive impact of TRE on systemic inflammatory status, serum adipokine concentrations, and human anthropometry, including body weight (BW) and fat mass [8]. We have recently demonstrated that OF and TRE promote comparable reductions in BW, with OF manifesting superior lipid-lowering actions than the TRE pattern and none of them exert significant effects on glycemic status [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Christian Orthodox Fasting Versus Time-Restricted Eating on Plasma Irisin Concentrations Among Overweight Metabolically Healthy Individuals

et al. 2021

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Irisin has been recently identified as an adipomyokine produced during physical activity and involved in the browning of adipose tissue. Despite the emerging evidence suggesting an inverse relationship between irisin plasma concentrations and adverse metabolic outcomes, the exact impact of diet on irisin levels remains obscure. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of two dietary patterns, Christian Orthodox fasting (OF) and 16:8 time-restricted eating (TRE), on circulating irisin levels among overweight, metabolically healthy, adults. Plasma irisin, glucose and lipid parameters, calcium homeostasis, and anthropometry were evaluated in 29 Orthodox fasters and 14 age and body mass index (BMI)-matched TRE controls (mean age and BMI, 48.8 years and 28.7 kg/m2, respectively) at three, distinct time points—before the implementation of the energy-restricted diets (baseline), at the end of the dietary intervention (7 weeks) and 5 weeks after participants returned to their typical dietary habits (12 weeks from baseline). Repeated measures analysis was applied to assess differences between the two groups and the effect of several indices on irisin levels at all three time points. At 12 weeks, the OF group manifested higher irisin concentrations compared with both its baseline values (64.3 ± 54.4 vs. 43.6 ± 42.2 ng/mL, p = 0.01) and those of the TRE group at the same time point (64.3 ± 54.4 vs. 44.2 ± 26.6 ng/mL, p = 0.04). Glycemic, lipid, and anthropometric parameters were not found to correlate with irisin levels. In contrast, parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations at 12 weeks correlated with irisin concentrations (p = 0.04), indicating that lower values of irisin are expected for higher PTH measurements. The findings of this pilot study suggest favorable long-term effects of OF on irisin levels. The interplay between irisin, PTH, and diet warrants further investigation.

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Effects of orthodox religious fasting versus combined energy and time restricted eating on body weight, lipid concentrations and glycaemic profile

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Association between Time Restricted Feeding and Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults

Association between Time Restricted Feeding and Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults

Time-Restricted Feeding and Metabolic Outcomes in a Cohort of Italian Adults

Effects of Christian Orthodox Fasting Versus Time-Restricted Eating on Plasma Irisin Concentrations Among Overweight Metabolically Healthy Individuals

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