Effects of oral sialic acid on gut development, liver function and gut microbiota in mice

Abstract

Sialic acid (N‐acetylneuraminic acid), a 9‐carbon monosaccharide, has been widely studied in immunology, oncology and neurology. However, the effects of sialic acid on organ and intestinal development, liver function and gut microbiota were rarely studied. In this study, we found that oral sialic acid tended to increase the relative weight of liver and decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GPT) activity. In addition, sialic acid treatment markedly reduced gut villus length, depth, the ratio of villus length/depth (L/D), areas, width and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, gut microbes were changed in response to oral sialic acid, such as Staphylococcus lentus, Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Jeotgalibaca sp_PTS2502, Ignatzschineria indica, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Sporosarcina sp_HW10C2, Facklamia tabacinasalis, Oblitimonas alkaliphila, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp_YL58, Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, Morganella morganii, Clostridioides difficile, Helicobacter tryphlonius, Clostridium sp_Clone47, Alistipes finegoldii, [pseudomonas]_geniculata and Pseudomonas parafulva at the species level. In conclusion, oral sialic acid altered the intestinal pathological state and microbial compositions, and the effect of sialic acid on host health should be further studied.

Red Wine High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenolic Complex Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation and Perturbation in Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…50 N-acetylneuraminic acid was also reported to play an important role in regulating liver function, digestive tract development, and GM in mice. 51 In HFD-fed rats, it was capable of attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress. 52 Thus, it could be inferred that upregulation of N-acetylneuraminic acid partly mediated the health promoting efficacy of the HPPCs in mice.…”

Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infant Health Based on Gut Microbiota Alteration

“…HMOs could also directly reduce the occurrence of diseases by reducing pathogen infection in infants. − The two main mechanisms for HMOs antipathogenic infections are as follows: One is indirect inhibition: the structure of HMOs is the resemblance to the specific receptor of IECs. Thus, they could be used as a soluble pseudoreceptor and directly bind to the surface of viruses, fungi, and bacteria, thereby preventing pathogens from adhering to IECs. , For example, Helicobacter pylori , which causes chronic gastritis, could bind to oligosaccharides containing sialic acid, preventing pathogenic bacteria from adhering to gut cells. , The other is direct inhibition: HMOs bind directly to the receptors of the IECs of the digestive tract. They also block viruses, fungi, bacteria, and other pathogens from adhesion to the IECs receptors through competitive inhibition, thereby preventing the occurrence of infection (Figure ).…”

“…75,76 For example, Helicobacter pylori, which causes chronic gastritis, could bind to oligosaccharides containing sialic acid, preventing pathogenic bacteria from adhering to gut cells. 77,78 The other is direct inhibition: HMOs bind directly to the receptors of the IECs of the digestive tract. They also block viruses, fungi, bacteria, and other pathogens from adhesion to the IECs receptors through competitive inhibition, thereby preventing the occurrence of infection (Figure 3).…”

Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review

“…HW10C2, Oblitimonas alkaliphila , Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum , Blautia sp. YL58, Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron , Morganella morganii , and Clostridioides difficile were markedly changed by SA [ 103 ]. SA metabolism plays a major part in the maintaining the microbiota.…”