Effects of Ocular Decongestants

Antihistamines in Ocular Allergy: Are They All Created Equal?

“…Other formulations of naphazoline or oxymetazoline followed in the next decade, and these and other topicals gained overthe-counter (in formulations with lower concentration active) status by the mid-1980s. As a group, the vasoconstrictors were effective at relieving hyperemia but did little to alleviate other symptoms [7]. In addition, these drugs are all short acting, cause significant stinging upon instillation, and are further limited by a prominent tachyphylaxis.…”

Antihistamines in Ocular Allergy: Are They All Created Equal?

“…Other formulations of naphazoline or oxymetazoline followed in the next decade, and these and other topicals gained overthe-counter (in formulations with lower concentration active) status by the mid-1980s. As a group, the vasoconstrictors were effective at relieving hyperemia but did little to alleviate other symptoms [7]. In addition, these drugs are all short acting, cause significant stinging upon instillation, and are further limited by a prominent tachyphylaxis.…”

Efficacy of Oxymetazoline Eye Drops in Non-Infectious Conjunctivitis, the Most Common Cause of Acute Red Eyes

“…In clinical trials, histamine-induced hyperemia has been used for testing the decongestant actions of OMZ (3,7,8), yet the vasoconstrictive actions of OMZ on animals' conjunctival mucosa has not been tested so far. In this study, the vasoconstrictive action of OMZ on conjunctival mucosa induced by histamine has been confirmed (Fig 1; Table 1).…”

Conjunctival allergen challenge: Models in the investigation of ocular allergy

“…Histamine produces a dosedependent response when instilled in the eye, and thus has been used as a model for screening anti-allergic drugs. Although such an agent can help evaluate drugs with antihistaminic properties [25], and drugs that actively reduce redness, such as vasoconstrictors [26], this challenge is not directly stimulating mast-cell degranulation, as happens with allergen. Substances such as compound 48/80, which is a secretagogue that induces mast-cell degranulation, have also been used in human challenge tests [10].…”

Antihistamines in Ocular Allergy: Are They All Created Equal?

“…Other formulations of naphazoline or oxymetazoline followed in the next decade, and these and other topicals gained overthe-counter (in formulations with lower concentration active) status by the mid-1980s. As a group, the vasoconstrictors were effective at relieving hyperemia but did little to alleviate other symptoms [7]. In addition, these drugs are all short acting, cause significant stinging upon instillation, and are further limited by a prominent tachyphylaxis.…”

Efficacy of Oxymetazoline Eye Drops in Non-Infectious Conjunctivitis, the Most Common Cause of Acute Red Eyes

“…In clinical trials, histamine-induced hyperemia has been used for testing the decongestant actions of OMZ (3,7,8), yet the vasoconstrictive actions of OMZ on animals' conjunctival mucosa has not been tested so far. In this study, the vasoconstrictive action of OMZ on conjunctival mucosa induced by histamine has been confirmed (Fig 1; Table 1).…”

Conjunctival allergen challenge: Models in the investigation of ocular allergy

“…Histamine produces a dosedependent response when instilled in the eye, and thus has been used as a model for screening anti-allergic drugs. Although such an agent can help evaluate drugs with antihistaminic properties [25], and drugs that actively reduce redness, such as vasoconstrictors [26], this challenge is not directly stimulating mast-cell degranulation, as happens with allergen. Substances such as compound 48/80, which is a secretagogue that induces mast-cell degranulation, have also been used in human challenge tests [10].…”

Antihistamines in Ocular Allergy: Are They All Created Equal?

“…Other formulations of naphazoline or oxymetazoline followed in the next decade, and these and other topicals gained overthe-counter (in formulations with lower concentration active) status by the mid-1980s. As a group, the vasoconstrictors were effective at relieving hyperemia but did little to alleviate other symptoms [7]. In addition, these drugs are all short acting, cause significant stinging upon instillation, and are further limited by a prominent tachyphylaxis.…”

Efficacy of Oxymetazoline Eye Drops in Non-Infectious Conjunctivitis, the Most Common Cause of Acute Red Eyes

“…In clinical trials, histamine-induced hyperemia has been used for testing the decongestant actions of OMZ (3,7,8), yet the vasoconstrictive actions of OMZ on animals' conjunctival mucosa has not been tested so far. In this study, the vasoconstrictive action of OMZ on conjunctival mucosa induced by histamine has been confirmed (Fig 1; Table 1).…”

Conjunctival allergen challenge: Models in the investigation of ocular allergy

“…Histamine produces a dosedependent response when instilled in the eye, and thus has been used as a model for screening anti-allergic drugs. Although such an agent can help evaluate drugs with antihistaminic properties [25], and drugs that actively reduce redness, such as vasoconstrictors [26], this challenge is not directly stimulating mast-cell degranulation, as happens with allergen. Substances such as compound 48/80, which is a secretagogue that induces mast-cell degranulation, have also been used in human challenge tests [10].…”