Effects of nitrogen stressed algae on different Acartia species

Augustin, Christina B.; Boersma, Maarten

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbi131

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In experiments with A. tonsa, Kiørboe (1989) found that the gross growth efficiency for C, but not for N, decreased with the C : N of prey. Also, Augustin and Boersma (2006) observed compensatory grazing by A. clausii at high (500 mg C L 21 ) algal concentrations, but this behavior was absent at an algal concentration similar to that used in the current study. Thus, there seems to be growing evidence that compensatory feeding is a common response by copepods to insufficient food quality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…Zooplankton can, to a certain extent, increase their assimilation efficiency for the limiting dietary component (Hessen 1992). More significantly, zooplankton can select higher quality prey (Kiørboe et al 1996;Broglio et al 2004) or increase ingestion (compensatory feeding) of low-quality prey (Plath and Boersma 2001;Augustin and Boersma 2006). In a three-level food web, selection for intermediate trophic level and higher quality prey over lowquality phytoplankton prey relaxes grazing pressure by both consumer groups and the phytoplankton population should increase.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of omnivory and predator‐prey elemental stoichiometry on planktonic trophic interactions

Siuda

Dam

2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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We used laboratory food chains to experimentally explore the independent and combined effects of omnivory and food quality on planktonic trophic interactions. Omnivory is predicted to dampen indirect (trophic cascade) interactions, whereas availability of a low-quality diet, here defined as predator-prey elemental stoichiometric imbalance, should strengthen both direct (grazing and predation) and indirect interactions. Food chains were constructed with a copepod, Acartia tonsa, an aloricate ciliate, Strombidinopsis sp., and two centric diatoms of different size, Thalassiosira weissflogii (larger) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (smaller). Comparing results between food chains with two (copepod and diatoms or ciliate and diatoms) and three (copepod, ciliate, and diatoms) trophic levels tested omnivory effects. Offering grazers phytoplankton grown under nitrogen-replete and nitrogenlimited conditions tested stoichiometric imbalance effects. Carbon ingestion increased by 25% for the copepod and 160% for the ciliate on the nitrogen-limited relative to the nitrogen-replete diatom, demonstrating considerable compensatory feeding by both grazers. On a mixed diet comprised of the nitrogen-limited large diatom and the nitrogen-replete small diatom, the copepod continued to engage in compensatory feeding, but the ciliate did not. Cascading indirect effects of the copepod on phytoplankton via the ciliate were minimal. The decrease in phytoplankton due to direct grazing by the copepod was much greater than any indirect increase resulting from reduced ciliate grazing pressure. Omnivory and compensatory feeding were stronger than positive prey selection for the N-replete intermediate grazer, thus weakening cascading indirect effects of the top predator on phytoplankton.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of omnivory and predator‐prey elemental stoichiometry on planktonic trophic interactions

Siuda

Dam

2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Likewise, marine copepods fed a variety of algal prey with low cellular nitrogen : C ratios grow and develop slower, and produce fewer eggs (Jones et al 2002). Low N diatom food can also result in increased production of resting eggs by Acartia tonsa (Augustin and Boersma 2006). However, N limitation in marine systems may not be as pronounced as P limitation in freshwater systems.…”

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Can copepods be limited by the iron content of their food?

Chen

Baines

Fisher

2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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In laboratory experiments, we show that naupliar survival and egg production by the copepod Acartia tonsa was significantly lower when they were fed iron-depleted algal cells than when they were fed a diet of Fe-replete cells that had two orders of magnitude higher Fe levels. Naupliar survival after 1 week was reduced from 60% for copepods feeding on Fe-replete diatoms (Thalassiosira oceanica) to 0% for those feeding on Fe-depleted cells. The decline of egg production rate was greatest (83%) when T. oceanica was used as prey and smaller (20-30%) when the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina and the prymnesiophyte Isochrysis galbana were used as food. The assimilation rates of Fe and C from Fe-replete and Fe-depleted algae were determined using radioisotopes. Egg production was hyperbolically dependent on the Fe assimilation rate (r 2 5 0.71). The effect of Fe on copepod reproduction rates could not be explained by changes in ingestion rate and the rate of carbon assimilated, because there was no significant difference of ingestion rate and C assimilation between Fe-replete and Fe-depleted treatments. Iron might limit zooplankton productivity in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions.

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“…However, the quality of the food, e.g. in terms of elemental stoichiometry (Kiørboe 1989, Augustin & Boersma 2006 and biochemical composition, such as fatty acids (Kleppel & Burkart 1995, Pond et al 1996, Anderson & Pond 2000, is also decisive for the reproductive success of copepods. An analysis of the fatty acid composition of seston during this study showed generally lower concentrations at elevated temperature and, specifically, lowered concentrations of essential fatty acids like EPA and DHA, which might suggest a lower food quality of seston for copepods at elevated temperature.…”

Section: Bloom Timing and Changes In The Pom Poolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter partitioning and stoichiometry in response to rising water temperature and copepod grazing

Biermann¹,

Lewandowska²,

Engel³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Rising ocean temperature is expected to change the balance between production and degradation of organic matter due to different temperature sensitivities of auto-and heterotrophic processes. Copepods are the most prominent zooplankton group, and elevated temperature increases their growth and grazing rates. So far, it is unknown to what extent copepods affect the partitioning and stoichiometry of organic matter in a warmer surface ocean. We therefore conducted a mesocosm experiment with 3 copepod densities and 2 temperature scenarios to determine effects on the pools of dissolved and particulate organic matter and their C:N:P ratios. Here we show that particulate organic C (POC) concentrations decreased with increasing copepod abundance. This effect was more pronounced at elevated temperature, yielding a decrease in the POC to particulate nitrogen ratio (POC:PN) from 26 to 13 and in the POC:particulate organic phosphorus (POP) ratio from 567 to 257, from low to high copepod density. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulation was positively affected by temperature. However, increasing copepod abundance decreased the accumulation of DOC at elevated temperature. Copepod grazing and egestion enhanced the recycling of N and P, thereby increasing the availability of these nutrients for autotrophs. In concert with temperature-induced shifts in the phytoplankton community composition and size, changes in copepod abundance may therefore have contributed to altering the elemental composition of seston. Our findings suggest combined effects of zooplankton grazing and temperature on the composition and recycling of organic matter that should be taken into account when simulating biogeochemical cycles in a future ocean.

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Effects of nitrogen stressed algae on different Acartia species

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

Effects of omnivory and predator‐prey elemental stoichiometry on planktonic trophic interactions

Effects of omnivory and predator‐prey elemental stoichiometry on planktonic trophic interactions

Can copepods be limited by the iron content of their food?

Organic matter partitioning and stoichiometry in response to rising water temperature and copepod grazing

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