Effects of nitrendipine, chlordiazepoxide, flumazenil and baclofen on the increased anxiety resulting from alcohol withdrawal

Comparative Evaluation of Partial α2‐Adrenoceptor Agonist and Pure α2‐Adrenoceptor Antagonist on the Behavioural Symptoms of Withdrawal after Chronic Alcohol Administration in Mice

“…In our study, we also observed that chronic ethanol administration increased the anxiety‐like behaviour in mice. Our results are in agreement with other studies reporting anxiety as one of the important symptoms after ethanol withdrawal in human beings .…”

Comparative Evaluation of Partial α2‐Adrenoceptor Agonist and Pure α2‐Adrenoceptor Antagonist on the Behavioural Symptoms of Withdrawal after Chronic Alcohol Administration in Mice

“…In our study, we also observed that chronic ethanol administration increased the anxiety‐like behaviour in mice. Our results are in agreement with other studies reporting anxiety as one of the important symptoms after ethanol withdrawal in human beings .…”

Nitrendipine Blocks the Nociceptive Effects of Chronically Administered Ethanol

“…In agreement with these findings, repeated coadministration of L-type calcium channel blockers dose-dependently reduce the severity of ethanol withdrawal signs (Goldstein rating), and acute administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists block ethanol withdrawal seizures (Bone et al, 1989;Little et al, 1986;Littleton et al, 1990). However, L-type calcium channel blockers do not reverse ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety (File et al, 1989(File et al, , 1991(File et al, , 1992Kiraç and Eröglu, 1991). In this study, repeated coadministration of nitrendipine blocked the development of hyperalgesia during ethanol withdrawal.…”

SB242084, flumazenil, and CRA1000 block ethanol withdrawal?induced anxiety in rats

“…Because the anxiolytic action of benzodiazepines in both control and withdrawn animals is most likely related to their ability to enhance GABA function in key brain regions, one might predict that the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil would have no effect on, or perhaps would exacerbate, anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal. However, in the current study and other studies [see, for example, Criswell & Breese (1993), File et al (1989File et al ( , 1992, and Moy et al (1997Moy et al ( , 2000], flumazenil blocked anxiety-like behavior in different tests involving different withdrawal paradigms. These findings argue for a second mechanism of action, perhaps related to the blockade of endogenous benzodiazepine inverse agonists that may be present at the benzodiazepine receptor at this time (Buck et al, 1991;File et al, 1989;Moy et al, 1997Moy et al, , 2000.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Partial α2‐Adrenoceptor Agonist and Pure α2‐Adrenoceptor Antagonist on the Behavioural Symptoms of Withdrawal after Chronic Alcohol Administration in Mice

“…In our study, we also observed that chronic ethanol administration increased the anxiety‐like behaviour in mice. Our results are in agreement with other studies reporting anxiety as one of the important symptoms after ethanol withdrawal in human beings .…”

Nitrendipine Blocks the Nociceptive Effects of Chronically Administered Ethanol

“…In agreement with these findings, repeated coadministration of L-type calcium channel blockers dose-dependently reduce the severity of ethanol withdrawal signs (Goldstein rating), and acute administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists block ethanol withdrawal seizures (Bone et al, 1989;Little et al, 1986;Littleton et al, 1990). However, L-type calcium channel blockers do not reverse ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety (File et al, 1989(File et al, , 1991(File et al, , 1992Kiraç and Eröglu, 1991). In this study, repeated coadministration of nitrendipine blocked the development of hyperalgesia during ethanol withdrawal.…”

SB242084, flumazenil, and CRA1000 block ethanol withdrawal?induced anxiety in rats

“…Because the anxiolytic action of benzodiazepines in both control and withdrawn animals is most likely related to their ability to enhance GABA function in key brain regions, one might predict that the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil would have no effect on, or perhaps would exacerbate, anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal. However, in the current study and other studies [see, for example, Criswell & Breese (1993), File et al (1989File et al ( , 1992, and Moy et al (1997Moy et al ( , 2000], flumazenil blocked anxiety-like behavior in different tests involving different withdrawal paradigms. These findings argue for a second mechanism of action, perhaps related to the blockade of endogenous benzodiazepine inverse agonists that may be present at the benzodiazepine receptor at this time (Buck et al, 1991;File et al, 1989;Moy et al, 1997Moy et al, , 2000.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Partial α2‐Adrenoceptor Agonist and Pure α2‐Adrenoceptor Antagonist on the Behavioural Symptoms of Withdrawal after Chronic Alcohol Administration in Mice

“…In our study, we also observed that chronic ethanol administration increased the anxiety‐like behaviour in mice. Our results are in agreement with other studies reporting anxiety as one of the important symptoms after ethanol withdrawal in human beings .…”

Nitrendipine Blocks the Nociceptive Effects of Chronically Administered Ethanol

“…In agreement with these findings, repeated coadministration of L-type calcium channel blockers dose-dependently reduce the severity of ethanol withdrawal signs (Goldstein rating), and acute administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists block ethanol withdrawal seizures (Bone et al, 1989;Little et al, 1986;Littleton et al, 1990). However, L-type calcium channel blockers do not reverse ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety (File et al, 1989(File et al, , 1991(File et al, , 1992Kiraç and Eröglu, 1991). In this study, repeated coadministration of nitrendipine blocked the development of hyperalgesia during ethanol withdrawal.…”

SB242084, flumazenil, and CRA1000 block ethanol withdrawal?induced anxiety in rats

“…Because the anxiolytic action of benzodiazepines in both control and withdrawn animals is most likely related to their ability to enhance GABA function in key brain regions, one might predict that the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil would have no effect on, or perhaps would exacerbate, anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal. However, in the current study and other studies [see, for example, Criswell & Breese (1993), File et al (1989File et al ( , 1992, and Moy et al (1997Moy et al ( , 2000], flumazenil blocked anxiety-like behavior in different tests involving different withdrawal paradigms. These findings argue for a second mechanism of action, perhaps related to the blockade of endogenous benzodiazepine inverse agonists that may be present at the benzodiazepine receptor at this time (Buck et al, 1991;File et al, 1989;Moy et al, 1997Moy et al, , 2000.…”