Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes

Effects of pH and Phosphorus Concentrations on the Chlorophyll Responses of Salvia chamelaeagnea (Lamiaceae) Grown in Hydroponics

“…Effects of nutrients and nutrient ratios on many food and medicinal crop plants, such as soya bean, thyme, wheat cultivars, barley, spinach and pelargoniums, have been studied. In most cases, a positive result in growth is noticed with the addition of some macro-nutrients such as N, P, K, Mg or Ca [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. It is therefore crucial that adequate plant nutrition and soil pH levels are met for any given plant so that the cell's functioning is not impeded.…”

Nitrate and oxalate in germplasm collections of spinach and other leafy vegetables

“…High nitrate concentration in plants is related to the nitrogen fertilization regime (Palaniswamy, 2003;Okazaki et al, 2006;Stagnari et al, 2007;Krężel and Kołota, 2014;Chan-Navarrete et al, 2014;Croitorua et al, 2015). Pre-harvest light intensity is also of importance (Proietti et al, 2004;Kosma et al, 2013).…”

“…For nitrate there are some old studies that examine the content in cultivars and germplasm collections (Lorenz 1978;Shen et al 1986;Groenword 1988) and a few more recent ones (Mou, 2008;Koh et al, 2012;Krężel and Kołota, 2014;Qiu et al, 2014). In contrast to nitrate, the deposition of oxalate is localized mostly in leaf blades (Kawazu et al, 2003;Stagnari et al, 2007). Some differences have been found among cultivars but collections are not well studied (Okutani and Sugiyama, 1994;Kawazu et al, 2003).…”

Development of a breeding strategy for nitrogen use efficiency in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

“…Spinach has a high demand for nitrogen in order to rapidly come to a harvestable product with a dark green colour as required by the market (Smolders et al 1993, Stagnari et al 2007). The nitrogen use efficiency of spinach is low; studies by Neeteson and Carton (1999) determined that from the recommended fertilization (215 -290 kg N ha -1 ) 160-220 kg N ha -1 was not recovered in the harvested product.…”

“…Spinach takes up NO 3 -from the soil efficiently but is known to be relatively inefficient in nitrate reduction (Stagnari et al 2007, Koh et al 2012. This implies that fertilizer that is mainly consisting of NO 3 -cannot be utilized immediately (Nunes-Nesi et al 2010).…”