Effects of mucilage concentration at different water contents on mechanical stability and elasticity in a loamy and a sandy soil

Rosskopf, Ulla; Uteau, Daniel; Peth, Stephan

doi:10.1111/ejss.13189

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Increases in root diameters have most frequently been observed in response to increases in soil penetration resistance (Bengough et al 2006;Correa et al 2019). For the laboratory experiment penetration resistance was in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 MPa for sand and loam respectively (Rosskopf et al 2021). For samples collected from the eld values ranged from 0.5 to 2.2 MPa with water potential decreasing from -3 to -50 kPa with no signi cant differences between sand and loam in neither of the two depths investigated (Rosskopf et al submitted).…”

Section: Root Diametermentioning

confidence: 97%

“…They argue that this is of particular relevance for medium grained soils; here roots can displace individual particles from the soil, but the forces exerted by each of the particles can also in uence the course of root development. The latter is not re ected in the measurement of mechanical impedance (Rosskopf et al 2021). Crucial for this type of concept is the size aspect ratio between root's diameter and typical length scale of soil heterogeneity (particle size) (Kolb et al 2017).…”

Section: Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (Am) Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Hairs Matter at Field Scale for Maize Shoot Growth and Nutrient Uptake, But Root Trait Plasticity is Primarily Triggered by Texture and Drought

Vetterlein

Phalempin

Lippold

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Aims: Root hairs are important for uptake, especially for nutrients with low mobility in soils with high sorption capacity. Yet, this has rarely been demonstrated in the field during a whole growing season. Mutants with defective root hairs are expected to have lower nutrient uptake, unless they compensate with more root growth. Since root hairs can also contribute to the plant's water uptake their importance could change over the course of a growing season. Methods: The root hair mutant rth3 of Zea mays and the corresponding wild-type were grown for two years under field conditions on sand and loam.Results: Shoot growth and P and K uptake of the plants were promoted by the presence of hairs at all growth stages. Differences between genotypes were greater on loam than on sand until tassel emergence, because additional exploitation by hairs is more relevant in loam. Compensation for the absence of root hairs by increased root growth was not observed in absolute terms. The root to shoot ratio was higher for rth3 than for wild-type. Root traits showed high plasticity in response to texture, the most salient being a greater mean root diameter in sand, irrespective of genotype. The mechanism causing the increase in mean root diameter is still unknown. Root length density was higher in sand, which can be explained by a greater need for exploration than exploitation in this substrate. Conclusion: The greater investment in root growth on sand compared to loam is expected to alter the long-term carbon balance.

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Section: Root Diametermentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (Am) Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Hairs Matter at Field Scale for Maize Shoot Growth and Nutrient Uptake, But Root Trait Plasticity is Primarily Triggered by Texture and Drought

Vetterlein

Phalempin

Lippold

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…A material testing machine (100 kN Allround Table Top Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany) was employed to push a penetration needle at a constant rate of 120 mm h −1 to a depth of 20 mm into the soil. The effect of the penetration rate on force measurements had been evaluated before suggesting that at a rate of 120 mm h −1 realistic forces similar to penetration velocities in the order of real root growth rates are determined (Rosskopf et al, 2021). The penetrometer probe was non-recessed with a diameter of 1 mm (Oleghe et al, 2017) and a 15° semi-angle resembling root geometries (Ruiz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Penetration Resistance Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in sand average values around 5 MPa were around ve times higher compared to measurements done at -50 kPa. A lab experiment using the same loam yielded energies twice as high at the permanent wilting point compared to -50 kPa (Rosskopf et al, 2021). However, when transferring the results to natural root systems it has to be taken into account that a real root does not grow straight into the soil as the PR needle does but is able to avoid compacted regions, and to utilize the available pore system in search of nutrients and water.…”

Section: Required Energy and Penetration Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a laboratory experiment employing the same loam and sand, samples with a de ned ρ b of 1.26 g cm −3 for loam and 1.47 g cm −3 for sand were produced and PR and energy were measured at the water contents corresponding to the same matric potentials as used in the present study (Rosskopf et al, 2021), thus resembling a perfect homogeneous state that might come close to initial eld conditions. In the present study using undisturbed eld samples, energy values in loam were an order of a magnitude higher than in the lab.…”

Section: Required Energy and Penetration Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Mechanical Soil Stability In An Initial Homogeneous Loam And Sand Under In-Situ Field Conditions

Rosskopf

Uteau

Peth

2021

Preprint

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PurposeSoil structure evolving from physical and biological processes is closely related to soil mechanical characteristics and texture. A soil plot experiment in Bad Lauchstädt, Germany, allowed us to study the influence of substrate and genotype on the initial development of mechanical traits, differences between depths, and changes over the course of two years. MethodsPlots were homogeneously filled with a loam and a sand and planted with two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes (wild type (WT) and rth3 mutant) with contrasting root hair attributes. Undisturbed soil cores were taken in 2019 and 2020 at 14 and 34 cm depth. Confined uniaxial compression tests were performed to determine pre-compression stress (σpc), compressibility (Cc, Cs) and elasticity index (EI). Mechanical energy was calculated based on penetration resistance tests with a penetrometer needle resembling root geometries. Resultsσpc, Cc and Cs were significantly higher in loam as compared to sand, whereas the factor genotype proved to be negligible. Over time, σpc increased and Cc decreased in loam from 2019 to 2020 and Cs declined in both substrates. Higher mechanical energies were observed in loam and partially in WT. Required energy was higher at 14 cm than at 34 cm depth and decreased from 2019 to 2020 in sand. Airdry sand samples required four times as much energy than those at -50 kPa.ConclusionFor the development of the mechanical traits examined texture proved to be the dominating factor and changes in soil stability could be observed within a short period of time.

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Macroaggregates of loam in sandy soil show little influence on maize growth, due to local adaptations of root architecture to soil heterogeneity

et al. 2022

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Aims Root hairs and lateral growth are root traits among many which enable plants to adapt to environmental conditions. How different traits are coordinated under local heterogeneity, especially when two or more environmental factors vary in space, is currently poorly understood. We investigated the effect of heterogeneity on root system architecture of maize in response to the presence of loamy macroaggregates, which come along with both, increased penetration resistance and nutrient availability, i.e., two important environmental factors shaping root system architecture. The comparison between a mutant with defective root hairs and the corresponding wild type made it possible to investigate the importance of root hairs in the adaptation strategies of plant roots to these factors. Methods Changes in root growth and root distribution with respect to macroaggregates were investigated using X-ray computed tomography. The wild-type of Zea mays L. was compared with the root hair defective mutant (rth3) to investigate the importance of root hairs in addition to adaption of root architecture. Results The presence of aggregates lead to increased root length and branch densities around aggregates, while only a few roots were able to grow into them. Thereby, wildtype and rth3 were influenced in the same way. Aboveground biomass, however, was not affected by the presence of macroaggregates, as compared to controls with homogenously distributed loam. Conclusions Macroaggregation of loam in sandy soil shows little influence on maize growth, due to local adaptations of root architecture to the heterogeneity in nutrient availability and penetration resistance caused by the aggregates.

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Effects of mucilage concentration at different water contents on mechanical stability and elasticity in a loamy and a sandy soil

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Root Hairs Matter at Field Scale for Maize Shoot Growth and Nutrient Uptake, But Root Trait Plasticity is Primarily Triggered by Texture and Drought

Root Hairs Matter at Field Scale for Maize Shoot Growth and Nutrient Uptake, But Root Trait Plasticity is Primarily Triggered by Texture and Drought

Development of Mechanical Soil Stability In An Initial Homogeneous Loam And Sand Under In-Situ Field Conditions

Macroaggregates of loam in sandy soil show little influence on maize growth, due to local adaptations of root architecture to soil heterogeneity

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