Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, physiological and immune response, and related immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Vibrio anguillarum and ammonia stress

Changes in physiological parameters involved in glutamine and urea synthesis in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed Ampithoe sp. meal and exposed to ammonia stress

“…meal supplementation can improve the ability of shrimp to resist ammonia stress, which is consistent with our previous studies (Shan et al, 2018;Shan, Geng, et al, 2019). (Chen et al, 2012;Kaleo et al, 2019). Additionally, dietary glutathione as an antioxidant increased the survival rate of shrimp exposed to ammonia stress by alleviating excess endogenous oxidative stress (Xu et al, 2012).…”

“…A study by Duan, Wang, Zhang, Sun, and Wang (2018) indicated that dietary succinic acid could improve the growth and enhance the digestive and immune capacities of L. vannamei against ammonia stress. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf extract prevents high ammonia stress in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Kaleo et al, 2019). Ampithoe sp., a small crustacean, has been used in shrimp ecological culture to improve growth and disease resistance in shrimp (Han et al, 2012).…”

Dietary shatavari, Asparagous racemosus root extract promotes growth, feed conversion and nutrient utilization in Labeo rajasthanicus

“…Similarly, various parts of herbal plant or its by-products have been used for years as functional foods, due to their advantageous effects of existing active ingredients on fish, such as growth promotion and immune-stimulation (Immanuel et al, 2009;Abd El-Hakim et al, 2010;Velmurugan and Citarasu, 2010;Borkar et al, 2014;Ojha et al, 2014). Furthermore, recent studies have been shown that herbal preparation in fish feed improves growth and feed utilisation (Musthafa et al, 2018;Garg et al, 2019;Kaleo et al, 2019;Li et al 2019;Yousefi et al, 2019).At the end of experimental trial, dietary shatavari root extract at graded levels did not exhibit any significant (P>0.05) difference on survival of L. rajasthanicus fingerlings (Table 2).…”

Dietary supplementation of microbial floc heightens growth and improves digestive, immune, antioxidant enzymes activity and ammonia resistance in Opsariichthys kaopingensi s

“…After the feeding trial, bacterial challenge tests are often used to observe the immunity and health of fish (Li, Zhu, et al, 2019), but ammonia stress challenge is rarely mentioned. However, intensive culturing has accumulated a large amount of excreted waste, residual food and aquatic animal corpses, which are decomposed into proteins and nucleic acids by heterogeneous bacteria, resulting in the production of a large number of ammonia toxicity substances (Kaleo et al., 2019; Mirghaed, Fayaz, & Hoseini, 2019). It is a more common environmental toxic stress factor in aquaculture (Hoseini, Yousefi, Hoseinifar, & Doan, 2019; Rahman, ElHady, Hassanin, & Mohamed, 2019).…”