Effects of monovalent ions on membrane potential and permselectivity: evaluation of fixed charge density of polymer based zirconium aluminophosphate composite membrane

Abstract

The composite of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with zirconium aluminophosphate (ZrAlP) employed as additive was prepared by sol–gel method.

Transport studies of ions across polystyrene based composite membrane: Evaluation of fixed charge density using theoretical models

“…S1). The TGA curve shows a little weight loss of 9.92% at 92 36. ℃ confirming the presence of low water molecules in the composite material.…”

“…Co-ion transport could results from either diffusive (i.e., concentration driven) transport from high to low concentration, or field-driven migration of co-ions, where the relative magnitude of each form of transport is sensitive to the concentration difference and the magnitude of the applied electric field [36,56,57]. It is thus a valuable parameter to know how these specific ions influence the ion transport in composite ion-exchange membranes [58], it can be expressed as:…”

“…Swelling of a membrane results from the balance between the internal osmotic pressure and the forces associated with the elasticity of polymer matrix [36]. The composite membrane used under investigation showed negligible swelling.…”

Waste Conversion and Resource Recovery from Wastewater by Ion Exchange Membranes: State-of-the-Art and Perspective

“…It is reported that the separation factor of fluoride to chloride was around 0.2 while the factor of iodine to chloride could reach around 3.5 by adjusting the membrane cross-linkage. On the other hand, recent studies revealed that membrane permselectivity is influenced by co-ion and counterion spices through ion-membrane interaction which shifts the membrane surface potential. − More specifically, higher counter-ion binding affinity and higher co-ion polarizability both may result in lower permselectivity …”

Synthesis of Phosphonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Composite Membrane: Effects of Counter and Co-Ions on Its Electrochemical Properties for Separation Applications

“…From eq 16, if t + m = 1 then there will be complete cation transfer, and if t + m = t + , then no transfer of cations took place through the membrane. 79,80 The membrane fixed-charge density was calculated using the following:…”