Effects of monoatomic and cluster bombardment with Ar ion beam on the surface of hydrogenated nanocrystalline diamond

Romanyuk, O.; Zemek, J.; Houdková, J.; Babčenko, Oleg; Shagieva, Ekaterina; Beranová, K.; Kromka, Alexander; Jiřı́ček, P.

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2023.109748

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Fitted components are shown for RT samples exclusively. The core level shifts and component assignments to bond types are similar to those of the reference sample in Figure 1 and in agreement with our prior studies [4,9,19,33]. The Cx component of DND-H sample spectra also involves contributions from C-N bonds.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Utilizing this value, the C sp 2/ C sp 3 phase ratios align with measurements of the sp 2 /sp 3 component areas in the C 1s line [24] and with the findings obtained by high-energy electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) [25]. This assignment gains further support from experimental investigations on crystalline diamonds annealed at high temperatures under ultra-high vacuum conditions [12,26], as well as from studies about interaction of energetic ions with diamond surfaces [19,27]. A progressively increasing sp 2 bond-related component at the low binding energy side of the C 1s peaks as temperature and/or ion dose increase can serve as indicator of diamond graphitization process.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, in diamond samples, selecting an appropriate internal standard poses a challenge. For this purpose, the C 1s peak maximum is usually employed [18], along with the C sp 2 contribution located at the position of the C 1s line recorded from graphite [19], or the O 1s peak position [20]. Regardless of the uncertainty associated with this correction, the described referencing is affected simultaneously by the presence of surface upward or downward band bending due to the surface graphitization and hydrogenation of NDs [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, this spectral intensity cannot be attributed to carbon bonded to oxygen. In the existing literature, it is attributed to photoemission from carbon atoms situated within various defects [28][29][30], from hydrogen bonded to carbon atoms, denoted as C-H x [15], where x ≥ 2 [19,31,32]. High intensity of this component was observed in the C 1s spectra of DND samples [29,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graphitization of NCD films can also be reached through monoatomic Ar ion sputtering and Ar cluster ion beam (ArCIB) sputtering [19,36], leading to an increase in concentration of the C sp 2 phase on the NCD surface. In contrast to monoatomic Ar ion sputtering, no Ar atoms were incorporated into the NCD film using the ArCIB sputtering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilizing Constant Energy Difference between sp-Peak and C 1s Core Level in Photoelectron Spectra for Unambiguous Identification and Quantification of Diamond Phase in Nanodiamonds

Romanyuk,

Stehlík,

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et al. 2024

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The modification of nanodiamond (ND) surfaces has significant applications in sensing devices, drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Precise control of the diamond phase composition and bond configurations during ND processing and surface finalization is crucial. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the graphitization process in various types of hydrogenated NDs, considering differences in ND size and quality. We prepared three types of hydrogenated NDs: high-pressure high-temperature NDs (HPHT ND-H; 0–30 nm), conventional detonation nanodiamonds (DND-H; ~5 nm), and size- and nitrogen-reduced hydrogenated nanodiamonds (snr-DND-H; 2–3 nm). The samples underwent annealing in an ultra-high vacuum and sputtering by Ar cluster ion beam (ArCIB). Samples were investigated by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). Our investigation revealed that the graphitization temperature of NDs ranges from 600 °C to 700 °C and depends on the size and crystallinity of the NDs. Smaller DND particles with a high density of defects exhibit a lower graphitization temperature. We revealed a constant energy difference of 271.3 eV between the sp-peak in the valence band spectra (at around 13.7 eV) and the sp3 component in the C 1s core level spectra (at 285.0 eV). The identification of this energy difference helps in calibrating charge shifts and serves the unambiguous identification of the sp3 bond contribution in the C 1s spectra obtained from ND samples. Results were validated through reference measurements on hydrogenated single crystal C(111)-H and highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilizing Constant Energy Difference between sp-Peak and C 1s Core Level in Photoelectron Spectra for Unambiguous Identification and Quantification of Diamond Phase in Nanodiamonds

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Nanodiamond Coating in Energy and Engineering Fields: Synthesis Methods, Characteristics, and Applications

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Song,

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Nanodiamonds are metastable allotropes of carbon. Based on their high hardness, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, and wide bandgap, nanodiamonds are widely used in energy and engineering applications in the form of coatings, such as mechanical processing, nuclear engineering, semiconductors, etc., particularly focusing on the reinforcement in mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, heat transfer, and electrical behavior. In mechanical performance, nanodiamond coatings can elevate hardness and wear resistance, improve the efficiency of mechanical components, and concomitantly reduce friction, diminish maintenance costs, particularly under high‐load conditions. Concerning chemical inertness and corrosion resistance, nanodiamond coatings are gradually becoming the preferred manufacturing material or surface modification material for equipment in harsh environments. As for heat transfer, the extremely high coefficient of thermal conductivity of nanodiamond coatings makes them one of the main surface modification materials for heat exchange equipment. The increase of nucleation sites results in excellent performance of nanodiamond coatings during the boiling heat transfer stage. Additionally, concerning electrical properties, nanodiamond coatings elevate the efficiency of solar cells and fuel cells, and great performance in electrochemical and electrocatalytic is found. This article will briefly describe the application and mechanism analysis of nanodiamonds in the above‐mentioned fields.

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Amorphous Carbon Nitride Films: Surface and Subsurface Composition and Bonding

Zemek,

Houdkova,

Jiricek

et al. 2024

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To obtain quantitative information about the composition and bonding of atoms located at and beyond the analyzed solid surface nondestructively, we applied angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy aided by the maximum entropy method to air-exposed amorphous carbon nitride films deposited by pulsed laser deposition of diamond-like carbon modified by low-energy nitrogen ion bombardment during film growth. We demonstrate that the composition, chemical bonding, and mass density vary significantly from the top surface to a shallow subsurface region. The analyzed samples, in a shallow surface region of ∼1 nm, are composed of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and mostly carbon in sp 2 hybridization. In a deeper region, the C sp 3 content increases substantially going to a maximum, whereas the nitrogen percentage decreases to a minimum, then increases, and tends to saturate. Special attention has been paid to in-depth distributions of carbon atoms in trigonal and tetragonal arrangements because they specify numerous physical and chemical properties of carbon-based materials. These results indicate that the interaction of DLC:N surfaces with surroundings can be influenced, barring oxygen and nitrogen, by sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms located near the surface of the samples. The obtained results can be useful for developing a deeper understanding of the interaction between DLC:N layer surfaces and their surroundings and particularly with living tissue.

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Effects of monoatomic and cluster bombardment with Ar ion beam on the surface of hydrogenated nanocrystalline diamond

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

Utilizing Constant Energy Difference between sp-Peak and C 1s Core Level in Photoelectron Spectra for Unambiguous Identification and Quantification of Diamond Phase in Nanodiamonds

Utilizing Constant Energy Difference between sp-Peak and C 1s Core Level in Photoelectron Spectra for Unambiguous Identification and Quantification of Diamond Phase in Nanodiamonds

Nanodiamond Coating in Energy and Engineering Fields: Synthesis Methods, Characteristics, and Applications

Amorphous Carbon Nitride Films: Surface and Subsurface Composition and Bonding

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