Effects of metabolic syndrome on masseter muscle of male Wistar rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the metabolic indicators of masticatory muscles in an animal model. A total of 16 male Wistar rats were used. To induce MetS, 10 rats were fed with standard rat chow and 32% sucrose solution ad libitum for 16 wk. Six rats fed with standard rat chow and water ad libitum formed the control group. All rats were killed at week 16, and the right superficial masseter muscles were harvested. Metabolic indicators of masticatory muscle metabolism, including antioxidant enzyme activities, ion transport ATPase activities, and the levels of macro and trace elements, were determined in the muscles. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were significantly decreased by 32%, 26%, 33%, and 16%, respectively, in the MetS group. Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase activity was significantly decreased in the MetS group by 54% compared with the control group. The levels of chromium and selenium were significantly decreased, and the level of copper was increased, in the MetS group compared with the control group. These results show that significant alterations occurred in antioxidant defense mechanisms, ion transport mechanisms, and trace element levels of masseter muscles in MetS.

Alterations in Antioxidant Defence Systems and Metal Profiles in Liver of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Induced with High-Sucrose Diet

“…Increased GR activity also indicated that GSH metabolism was affected from MetS. In our previous study, activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR were all significantly decreased in the masseter muscles of rats with MetS (16). These results demonstrated that the effects of MetS on different tissues varied depending on the metabolic functions of the tissues.…”

“…This may result in mitochondrial dysfunction with time and finally, cause MetS. In our previous study, we found that Cu level increased in the masseter muscle of rats with MetS while Fe and Mn levels were like those of controls (16). In the literature, increased Fe and Cu levels and decreased Mn and Zn levels were reported in liver of rats fed a high carbohydratehigh fat diet for up to 16 weeks (38).…”

“…The liver homogenates were prepared according to our previous study (16). The homogenates were centrifuged at 10,000 g (Hettich Universal 30 RF, Tuttlingen, Germany) for 30 min at +4 °C.…”

“…The roles of the metals, antioxidant enzymes and products of ROS and RNS in MetS are not clear yet. In the literature, there were different experimental studies related to the MetS in which CAT and SOD activities, MDA or some metals status in serum, liver, or other tissues were measured (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). However, all above mentioned parameters and additionally GPx, GR and GST activities and 3-NT and phospho-Akt (pSer473) levels in the liver were not evaluated simultaneously.…”

Masseter muscle and gingival tissue inflammatory response following treatment with high‐fructose corn syrup in rats: Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects of kefir

“…Previously, it has been reported that short‐term dietary fructose induces oxidative stress via suppressing antioxidant enzymes (Cigliano et al., 2018). It was determined that SOD, GPx, and catalase levels were decreased in masseter muscles of Wistar rats given 32% sucrose in drinking water for 16 weeks (Tukel et al., 2015). Cavarape et al.…”