Effects of mechanostimulation on gravitropism and signal persistence in flax roots

Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip

“…Although clinostats are widely used, little bibliography is available on comparison of fast and slow [ 64 ], or vertical and horizontal clinorotation [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 65 ]. In this respect, it is worth mentioning that we have previously developed a mathematical model which enabled calculation of the clinostat setting for an optimal microgravity simulation.…”

“…In addition, we can distinguish two types of clinorotation depending on the orientation of the sample in relation to the clinorotation axis: vertical clinorotation (VC), with the longitudinal growth axis of the plant perpendicular to the rotation axis, or horizontal clinorotation (HC), with the longitudinal seedling axis parallel to the rotation axis (see Figure 1 ) [ 36 ]. The possible impact of either of these two types of clinorotations was compared by [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], concluding that vertical and horizontal clinorotation result in different outcomes. Additionally, different effects of the centrifugal force on plant growth in horizontal and vertical orientation were reported by [ 39 ], but there is not a consensus or evidence-based guideline in the best practice to use clinorotation in terms of speed, orientation of the Petri dishes containing samples and the maximum duration of the treatment.…”

Comparison of Microgravity Analogs to Spaceflight in Studies of Plant Growth and Development

“…In addition to their use as a means of minimizing the unidirectional effects of gravity, several studies have incorporated modified versions of the clinostat that expose the axial organ to a fractional g treatment either through a programmed rotation pattern or through the incorporation of a centrifuge as the innermost rotating axis of the clinostat. These instruments have been key in estimating the threshold acceleration necessary to activate gravity perception and growth responses (Shen-Miller et al, 1968; Brown et al, 1995; Laurinavicius et al, 1998; Galland et al, 2004; Duemmer et al, 2015; Bouchern-Dubuisson et al, 2016; Frolov et al, 2018), as well as identifying cellular-level responses of plants to microgravity (Murakami and Yamada, 1988; Kraft et al, 2000; Dauzart et al, 2016; Manzano et al, 2018) and the persistence of the gravity stimulus (John and Hasenstein, 2011).…”

“…For example, the growth of an axial organ over the course of a long-term experiment will result in the organ experiencing a change in acceleration if the growth direction is away from the center of the axis of rotation. This factor is one source of complexity when interpreting the results of clinostat experiments, as indicated by the observation that plants respond differently when rotated around one axis versus the other (John and Hasenstein, 2011; Hasenstein and van Loon, 2015).…”

Analysis of Magnetic Gradients to Study Gravitropism

“…A strictly one-dimensional rotation results in epinasty ( Palmer, 1973 ;Ursin and Bradford, 1989 ) and led to the development of the three-dimensional clinostat ( Hoson et al, 1996 ) or randompositioning machines (RPM) ( van Loon, 2007 ). Although the RPM mimics weightlessness remarkably well for some parameters ( Kraft et al, 2000 ), mechanical devices induce unwanted side effects ( Brown et al, 1976 ;John and Hasenstein, 2011 ).…”