Effects of Loxosceles laeta spider venom on blood coagulation

Bascur, Luz; Yévenes, Ismael; Barja, P

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(82)90127-1

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Envenomation provokes two major kinds of signals, i.e., local lesions at the bite site characterized by edema followed by vasodilatation, blood vessel degeneration, local hemorrhage and a significant cutaneous tissue injury with gravitational spreading, that can exacerbate to necrotic skin ulcers and degeneration (1)(2)(3)(4), and systemic effects that begin as a malaise and can become generalized, with hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and renal failure. These clinical signs and toxicological effects appear to be phenomena similar for several Loxosceles species including the more studied L. reclusa, L. laeta, L. intermedia and L. gaucho species (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins

Veiga

Zanetti

Braz

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Loxoscelism, the term used to describe lesions and clinical manifestations induced by brown spiders venom (Loxosceles genus), has attracted much attention over the last years. Brown spider bites have been reported to cause a local and acute inflammatory reaction that may evolve to dermonecrosis (a hallmark of envenomation) and hemorrhage at the bite site, besides systemic manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolysis, and renal failure. The molecular mechanisms by which Loxosceles venoms induce injury are currently under investigation. In this review, we focused on the latest reports describing the biological and physiopathological aspects of loxoscelism, with reference mainly to the proteases recently described as metalloproteases and serine proteases, as well as on the proteolytic effects triggered by L. intermedia venom upon extracellular matrix constituents such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, entactin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan, besides the disruptive activity of the venom on Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm basement membranes. Degradation of these extracellular matrix molecules and the observed disruption of basement membranes could be related to deleterious activities of the venom such as loss of vessel and glomerular integrity and spreading of the venom toxins to underlying tissues. Correspondence

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins

Veiga

Zanetti

Braz

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…With overseas spiders, such as recluse spiders (Loxosceles spp. ), this is well documented (Schenone et al, 1989;Bascur et al, 1992;Futrell, 1992). Conversely in Australia, while many spiders including the white-tailed spider (Lampona spp.…”

Section: Necrotising Arachnidism In Australia: Fact or Fiction?mentioning

confidence: 91%

Arachnid toxinology in Australia: From clinical toxicology to potential applications

Nicholson

Graudins

Wilson

et al. 2006

Toxicon

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The unique geographic isolation of Australia has resulted in the evolution of a distinctive range of Australian arachnid fauna. Through the pioneering work of a number of Australian arachnologists, toxinologists, and clinicians, the taxonomy and distribution of new species, the effective clinical treatment of envenomation, and the isolation and characterisation of the many distinctive neurotoxins, has been achieved. In particular, work has focussed on several Australian arachnids, including red-back and funnel-web spiders, paralysis ticks, and buthid scorpions that contain neurotoxins capable of causing death or serious systemic envenomation. In the case of spiders, species-specific antivenoms have been developed to treat envenomed patients that show considerable cross-reactivity. Both in vitro and clinical case studies have shown they are particularly efficacious in the treatment of envenomation by spiders even from unrelated families. Despite their notorious reputation, the high selectivity and potency of a unique range of toxins from the venom of Australian arachnids will make them invaluable molecular tools for studies of neurotransmitter release and vesicle exocytosis as well as ion channel structure and function. The venoms of funnel-web spiders, and more recently Australian scorpions, have also provided a previously untapped rich source of insect-selective neurotoxins for the future development of biopesticides and the characterisation of previously unvalidated insecticide targets. This review provides a historical viewpoint of the work of many toxinologists to isolate and characterise just some of the toxins produced by such a unique group of arachnids and examines the potential applications of these novel peptides.

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“…Similar effects were observed with L. laeta venom in rabbits. There were studies that demonstrated abnormalities in the blood coagulation process, including alterations in thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, platelet count and fibrinogen-fibrin degradation [ 48 ]. Moreover, a low molecular mass peptide fraction of L. reclusa venom was shown to contain lethal and neuroactive components to insects [ 49 ].…”

Section: History Of the Brown Spider Venom Toxinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights in the knowledge of brown spider toxins

Chaves-Moreira

Senff‐Ribeiro

Wille

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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Brown spiders are venomous arthropods that use their venom for predation and defense. In humans, bites of these animals provoke injuries including dermonecrosis with gravitational spread of lesions, hematological abnormalities and impaired renal function. The signs and symptoms observed following a brown spider bite are called loxoscelism. Brown spider venom is a complex mixture of toxins enriched in low molecular mass proteins (4–40 kDa). Characterization of the venom confirmed the presence of three highly expressed protein classes: phospholipases D, metalloproteases (astacins) and insecticidal peptides (knottins). Recently, toxins with low levels of expression have also been found in Loxosceles venom, such as serine proteases, protease inhibitors (serpins), hyaluronidases, allergen-like toxins and histamine-releasing factors. The toxin belonging to the phospholipase-D family (also known as the dermonecrotic toxin) is the most studied class of brown spider toxins. This class of toxins single-handedly can induce inflammatory response, dermonecrosis, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia and renal failure. The functional role of the hyaluronidase toxin as a spreading factor in loxoscelism has also been demonstrated. However, the biological characterization of other toxins remains unclear and the mechanism by which Loxosceles toxins exert their noxious effects is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into brown spider venom toxins and toxicology, including a description of historical data already available in the literature. In this review article, the identification processes of novel Loxosceles toxins by molecular biology and proteomic approaches, their biological characterization and structural description based on x-ray crystallography and putative biotechnological uses are described along with the future perspectives in this field.

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Effects of Loxosceles laeta spider venom on blood coagulation

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins

Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins

Arachnid toxinology in Australia: From clinical toxicology to potential applications

Highlights in the knowledge of brown spider toxins

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