Effects of long-term, light exercise under restricted feeding on age-related changes in physiological and metabolic variables in male Wistar rats

Ichikawa, Mineko; Fujita, Yoshiaki; Ebisawa, Hidemichi; Ozeki, Tomoko

doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00093-7

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is remarkable that swim training started after weaning and maintained for 30 days or more was able to induce fat weight lost in MSG-treated and normal mice; however, mice that started the training at 60 days of age and swam for 30 days showed no changes in their periepididymal fat pad weight. It is known that long-term exercising in human and rodents has better effects on fat body reduction than short-term exercising (Ichikawa et al, 2000;Jakicic, 2003). When exercise is stopped in lean adult rats submitted to long-term exercise or women swimmers, regaining of body weight and fat accretion was observed (Almeras et al, 1997;Jen et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swim training applied at early age is critical to adrenal medulla catecholamine content and to attenuate monosodium l-glutamate-obesity onset in mice

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swim training applied at early age is critical to adrenal medulla catecholamine content and to attenuate monosodium l-glutamate-obesity onset in mice

et al. 2006

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“…Long-term exercise training in animals generally results in an increase in RMR (Gleeson et al 1982;Hill et al 1984;Wilterdink et al 1993;Pinto & Shetty, 1995;Ichikawa et al 2000) despite the fact that both total body mass and fat mass generally decline. These changes in RMR appear to be a result of both alterations in lean mass and increases in the metabolic output per unit weight of the lean tissues.…”

Section: Animal Studies: Long-term Training Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and resting metabolic rate

2003

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Abbreviations: DEE, daily energy expenditure; DLW, doubly-labelled water; EPOC, excess post-exercise O 2 consumption; NEAT, non-exercise activity thermogenesis; RMR, resting metabolic rate. The direct effects of physical activity interventions on energy expenditure are relatively small when placed in the context of total daily energy demands. Hence, the suggestion has been made that exercise produces energetic benefits in other components of the daily energy budget, thus generating a net effect on energy balance much greater than the direct energy cost of the exercise alone. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the largest component of the daily energy budget in most human societies and, therefore, any increases in RMR in response to exercise interventions are potentially of great importance. Animal studies have generally shown that single exercise events and longer-term training produce increases in RMR. This effect is observed in longer-term interventions despite parallel decreases in body mass and fat mass. Flight is an exception, as both single flights and long-term flight training induce reductions in RMR. Studies in animals that measure the effect of voluntary exercise regimens on RMR are less commonly performed and do not show the same response as that to forced exercise. In particular, they indicate that exercise does not induce elevations in RMR. Many studies of human subjects indicate a short-term elevation in RMR in response to single exercise events (generally termed the excess post-exercise O 2 consumption; EPOC). This EPOC appears to have two phases, one lasting < 2 h and a smaller much more prolonged effect lasting up to 48 h. Many studies have shown that long-term training increases RMR, but many other studies have failed to find such effects. Data concerning long-term effects of training are potentially confounded by some studies not leaving sufficient time after the last exercise bout for the termination of the long-term EPOC. Long-term effects of training include increases in RMR due to increases in lean muscle mass. Extreme interventions, however, may induce reductions in RMR, in spite of the increased lean tissue mass, similar to the changes observed in animals in response to flight.Energy expenditure: Physical activity: Non-exercise activity thermogenesis: Excess post-exercise O 2 consumption: Training: Exercise DEE, daily energy expenditure; DLW, doubly-labelled water; EPOC, excess post-exercise O2 consumption; NEAT, non-exercise activity thermogenesis; RMR, resting metabolic rate.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that long-term calorie restriction (CR) in mammals lowers the production of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, retards many age-related diseases and extends lifespan (Ichikawa et al 2000;Gredilla et al 2001). It is also known that long-term CR aVects antioxidant enzymes in various ways (Lee and Yu 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat: effect of food restriction and wheel running

et al. 2009

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Using the activity-based anorexia model, the aim of this investigation was to explore antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase), total antioxidant status (TAS), and alpha-tocopherol in blood, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle associated with the food restriction and voluntary wheel running during 8 days. In addition, lipid peroxidation was measured by measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA). Wistars rats (n = 56) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: an ad lib sedentary group, a control wheel activity group, a food restriction-induced hyperactivity group (1 h/day ad lib food, 23 h/day ad lib wheel access), and a food-restricted sedentary group. The animals were killed when the rats in the food-restricted group had lost 25% of their free feeding weight. Antioxidant enzyme activities and TAS in blood, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle were unaffected by voluntary wheel running. A wheel activity effect (P < 0.05) was obtained for the MDA concentrations in plasma, with lower concentrations in trained animals. Food restriction effects were obtained for antioxidant capacity in liver, as well as for CAT activity in the gastrocnemius muscle and plasma MDA concentrations with lower values in the restricted animals. On the other hand, the food-restricted rats showed higher plasma TAS concentrations (P < 0.05) and higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the liver (P < 0.05) when compared to animals fed ad libitum. Our results also showed that food restriction coupled to wheel running decreased antioxidant parameters in liver, and plasmatic MDA concentrations and increased TAS plasma concentrations when compared to the ad libitum sedentary situation.

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Effects of long-term, light exercise under restricted feeding on age-related changes in physiological and metabolic variables in male Wistar rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Swim training applied at early age is critical to adrenal medulla catecholamine content and to attenuate monosodium l-glutamate-obesity onset in mice

Swim training applied at early age is critical to adrenal medulla catecholamine content and to attenuate monosodium l-glutamate-obesity onset in mice

Physical activity and resting metabolic rate

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat: effect of food restriction and wheel running

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