Effects of land-use and landscape structure on holm oak recruitment and regeneration at farm level in Quercus ilex L. dehesas

Plieninger, Tobias; Pulido, Fernando; Schaich, Harald

doi:10.1016/s0140-1963(03)00103-4

Cited by 117 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Extensive livestock rearing of beef cattle, small ruminants (sheep and some goats) and Iberian pigs takes place here at low stocking densities (Plieninger et al 2004;Milan et al 2006;Gaspar et al 2008). Farm sizes are highly variable, with a recent study identifying a mean size of 467 ha (range 37-2040 ha) (Cowie et al 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between four species in a complex wildlife: livestock disease community: implications for Mycobacterium bovis maintenance and transmission

et al. 2015

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Livestock diseases such as bovine tuberculosis can have considerable negative effects on human health and economic activity. Wildlife reservoirs often hinder disease eradication in sympatric livestock populations. Therefore, quantifying interactions between wildlife and livestock is an important aspect of understanding disease persistence. This study was conducted on an extensive cattle farm in southwest Spain, where cattle, domestic pigs, wild boar and red deer are considered to be part of a tuberculosis host community. We tested the hypothesis that the frequency of both types of interactions would be greater at food and water sites, due to the aggregation of individuals from multiple species at these locations. We measured direct and indirect interactions between individuals using GPS and proximity loggers. Over 57,000 direct interactions were recorded over a 2-year period, of which 875 (1.5 %) occurred between different species and 216 (0.38 %) occurred between wildlife and livestock. Most direct and indirect interactions occurred at water sites. Over 90 % of indirect interactions between wildlife and livestock took place within the estimated 3-day environmental survival time of Mycobacterium bovis in this habitat. Red deer home ranges and daily activity patterns revealed significant spatial and temporal overlaps with cattle, particularly in autumn. Suids and red deer also cross the farm boundary regularly, introducing a between-farm interaction risk. The infrequent occurrence of direct interactions between individuals from different species suggests that they are unlikely to be the sole mode of disease transmission and that indirect interactions may play an important role.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between four species in a complex wildlife: livestock disease community: implications for Mycobacterium bovis maintenance and transmission

et al. 2015

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“…have a very negative effect on the strictly riparian plant richness, as the total riparian community is inundated by propagules from different types of plant species, which may have different establishment success rates in the different open patches within the riparian area. Finally, if the surrounding land cover is mainly holm oak woodlands, the frequency of seeds and propagules may actually be reduced since this landscape is characterized by a sparse canopy that is experiencing a decreasing trend in recruitment (Plieninger et al 2004;Ramirez and Diaz 2008), currently below replenishment rates, and holm oak woodlands do not seem to be exporting seeds elsewhere. This can also explain the negative effect of the area of agriculture on the richness of sclerophyllous plants in the riparian ecosystem.…”

Section: Sclerophylous Plant Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encroachment of upland Mediterranean plant species in riparian ecosystems of southern Portugal

Santos

2010

Biodivers Conserv

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Riparian ecosystems have unique biodiversity, are highly sensitive to disturbance and anthropogenic influence. As world water resources become scarcer, scientists predict greater competition among species for water resources. Indeed, increased encroachment of upland plants into the riparian zone is already occurring, irreversibly changing riparian plant communities. Since semi-arid regions such as Mediterranean-type ecosystems are likely to follow this same trajectory, assessing the contributions of riparian versus upland (sclerophyllous) plants to community composition is important. A survey of seventy 2 km-long riparian transects on the Sado and Guadiana watersheds in southern Portugal assessed (1) the woody riparian plant community composition, (2) how much richness is due to strictly riparian plants versus sclerophyllous upland plants, and (3) which combinations of biotic and abiotic factors allow higher species richness in the strictly riparian, sclerophyllous, and overall plant communities. The survey detected 53 different woody plant species (28 endemic) across all communities. Riparian community richness was on average 16 species, seven of which were strictly riparian and the remainder being sclerophyllous, exotic species or fruit trees. Sclerophyllous plant species occurred consistently across sampling units (90% of transects). On average, 46% of the total woody plant community richness was due to strictly riparian plants and 28% was due to sclerophyllous plants. Community richness was positively affected by the area of shrubs in the riparian zone and by the absence of human activities and goats. Surrounding landscape pattern only affected the strictly riparian plant richness. These results suggest that natural and human-mediated disturbances in riparian ecosystems create gaps and clearings for which riparian and sclerophyllous plants compete. Establishment success seems to be related to the propagule pressure of the neighbouring landscape, its diversity and density, as well as the presence of herbivores. Preserving strictly riparian plants, removing exotic 123Biodivers Conserv (2010) 19:2667-2684 DOI 10.1007 species, preventing grazing, and promoting riparian values (recreation, aesthetics and the provision of ecosystem services) will aid the future conservation of the unique biodiversity of riparian ecosystems.

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“…Tree health has been affected by intensive pruning, exaggerated cork harvesting and the influence of pests and diseases (Camilo-Alves et al, 2013;Acácio and Holmgren, 2014). The limitations to natural regeneration have been attributed to various causes, including: a) poor dispersal and shortage of viable acorns (Branco et al, 2002;Pulido and Díaz, 2005;Acácio et al, 2007); b) high post-dispersive acorn losses associated with seedling mortality due to over-grazing by livestock and wild animals (Herrera, 1995;Plieninger et al, 2004;Acácio et al, 2007;Pulido et al, 2013); c) low seedling survival to summer drought (Gimeno et al, 2009;Smit et al, 2009). Besides, the development of farm mechanization, including the generalised use of wide plows, disc harrows, and scarifiers destroys young trees and may damage roots and weaken established trees, creating more susceptibility to the attack of pests and diseases (Branco and Ramos, 2009;Arosa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term sustainability of cork oak agro-forests in the Iberian Peninsula: A model-based approach aimed at supporting the best management options for the montado conservation

Arosa

Bastos

Cabral

et al. 2017

Ecological Modelling

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a b s t r a c tThe future of the montado, a human shaped agro-forestry ecosystem of South Western Europe, is questioned due to the observed lack of cork oak health and low natural regeneration. We developed a System Dynamics Modelling approach to predict the long-term sustainability of this agro-forest, by recreating cork-oak population dynamics, management practices and the main environmental and biological constrains associated with this ecosystem. Our results indicate that the leading limitations to cork oak regeneration in montado ecosystems result from the intensity and interaction of land management practices, namely livestock and the use of heavy machinery. The main conclusions indicate that limiting the quantity of livestock up to 0.40 LU.ha −1 , and considering soil ploughing with a minimum periodicity of 5 years, are crucial to maintaining sustainable cork oak populations. This study represents a first step to support strategic options for cork oak montado management by providing projections of long-term population trends under realistic social-ecological change scenarios.

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Effects of land-use and landscape structure on holm oak recruitment and regeneration at farm level in Quercus ilex L. dehesas

Cited by 117 publications

References 30 publications

Interactions between four species in a complex wildlife: livestock disease community: implications for Mycobacterium bovis maintenance and transmission

Interactions between four species in a complex wildlife: livestock disease community: implications for Mycobacterium bovis maintenance and transmission

Encroachment of upland Mediterranean plant species in riparian ecosystems of southern Portugal

Long-term sustainability of cork oak agro-forests in the Iberian Peninsula: A model-based approach aimed at supporting the best management options for the montado conservation

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