Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet

Liu, Q.; Wang, C.; Pei, Caixia; Li, H.Y.; Wang, Y.X.; Zhang, S.L.; Zhang, Y.L.; He, Jianjun; Wang, H.; Yang, Wenzhu; Bai, Yu; Shi, Zunji; Liu, X.N.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.034

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition to ammonia, branched chain fatty acids (isobutyrate and isovaleric) are also the result of protein degradation. Isovaleric acids affect fiber digestibility in the rumen of cattle, through an increase in the population of cellulolytic bacteria (Liu et al, 2014). The use of L. plantarum 1A-2 on silage increased the population of rumen bacteria and celulolytic bacteria in cattle (Widyastuti, 2008).…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement on the Nutritive Quality of Napier Grass Silage through Inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Formic Acid

Hapsari¹,

Suryahadi²,

Sukria³

2016

Med Pet

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The potential availability of forage feed is high, but in reality this potential has not been able to meet the requirement of feed both in sustainable quantity and quality. Silage made with the use of liquid fermentation additive (FA) can be a solution for those problems. The use of different levels of FA and addition of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria as well as formic acid were expected to improve the nutritive quality of napier grass silage. The first experiment was designed to measure the fermentative quality of napier grass silage. The treatments used were the levels of FA, L. plantarum, and formic acid supplementations. The experiment used a completely randomized design with a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement with 3 replications. The first factor was the level of liquid FA (5%, 7.5%, and 10%), and the second factor was the inoculation of L. plantarum (without and with inoculation of the L. plantarum), and the third factor was the addition of formic acid (without and with the addition of 0.15% formic acid). The second experiment was aimed to evaluate chemical and microbiological characteristics, and in vitro digestibility of selected napier grass silage. The results showed that napier grass silage from all treatments showed good qualities. There were interactions between FA, L. plantarum, and formic acid on DM content (P<0.05) and ammonia production (P<0.01). The use of FA showed an interaction (P<0.01) with the addition of L. plantarum and formic acid in Fleigh point. Ammonia production in rumen (P<0.01), total VFA (P<0.05), and in vitro digestibility (P<0.01) were significantly affected by the treatments. The optimal level of liquid FA was 7.5%. Based on the nutritive quality of silage, L. plantarum addition was as effective as control treatment to improve nutritive quality of napier grass silage through the increased of fermentation characteristics i.e., low pH, high DM product, high fermentation product (VFA), and digestible on rumen. Formic acid reduced ammonia production during ensiling and fermentation in rumen, but it was less effective in inhibiting the fermentation process when it was combined with L. plantarum. Key words: napier grass silage, fermentation additive, Lactobacillus plantarum, formic acid ABSTRAKPotensi ketersediaan hijauan pakan yang tinggi pada kenyataannya belum dapat memenuhi penyediaan pakan yang cukup secara berkelanjutan dengan mutu yang baik. Silase dibuat dengan cairan aditif fermentasi (AF) sebagai solusi permasalahan di atas. Melalui evaluasi level penggunaan AF dan penambahan bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum serta asam formiat diharapkan memberikan pengaruh sinergi dalam meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi silase rumput gajah. Percobaan pertama menguji kualitas fisik dan fermentatif hasil akhir silase rumput gajah. Kualitas fermentatif menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial 3 x 2 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah level cairan aditif fermentasi (5%, 7,5%, dan 10%), faktor kedua adalah inokulasi L. plantarum (tanpa dan dengan inokulasi L. plantarum), dan faktor ketiga ...

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement on the Nutritive Quality of Napier Grass Silage through Inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Formic Acid

Hapsari¹,

Suryahadi²,

Sukria³

2016

Med Pet

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“…The VFA profile was determined with GC 3420 gas chromatography fitted with HP-INNO wax capillary column (30 m×0.32 mm) as stated by Erwin et al (1961), and NH3-N concentration was colorimetrically measured based on the method described by Broderick and Kang (1980). The cellulase activities [avicelase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), β-glucanase, and xylanase] were determined with a RT-6000 microplate spectrophotometer (Rayto, Chigaco, IL, USA) according to the method reported by Liu et al (2014).…”

Section: In Vitro Incubation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steam Explosion onIn VitroGas Production Kinetics and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Three Common Straws

He¹,

Meng²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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To investigate the effect of steam explosion on in vitro gas production (GP) and rumen fermentation profiles of common straws, in vitro cultivation was conducted for 96 h with the rumen fluid collected from steers. Different types of straw had various chemical compositions, which were affected by steam explosion (P<0.01). Steam explosion increased (P<0.01) the rate and volume of GP, lag time disappeared and asymptotic GP decreased, which were also affected (P<0.01) by the type of straw. The type of straw influenced (P<0.05) the final pH, while steam explosion exerted an effect (P<0.01) on the ammonia-nitrogen concentration. The proportions of individual volatile fatty acid (VFA), except acetate (A), differed (P<0.05) among the feeds. Steam explosion increased total VFA production and the proportion of propionate (P), while decreased the proportions of A, isobutyrate and valerate as well as the ratio A/P (P<0.01). The type of straw had an effect (P<0.05) on the activities of avicelase and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), while steam explosion increased (P<0.01) the activities of avicelase, CMCase, β-glucanase and xylanase. The available energy concentrations and digestibilities differed (P<0.01) in the feeds and were increased (P<0.05) with steam explosion processing. The interaction straw type×treat-ments was significant (P<0.05) for most monitored parameters. These results suggest that steam explosion could improve rumen fermentability and energy utilisation of straw, being an effective pre-treatment method in feed industry.

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“…Similarly, dietary BCVFA supplementation provided essential nutrient for ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and promoted microbial growth (Cummins & Papas, ; Flachowsky et al., ). Previous studies found that populations of R. albus , R. flavefaciens , B. fibrisolvens and F. succinogenes, and activities of carboxymethyl‐cellulase and xylanase increased, but microbial protease activity decreased with isovalerate or isobutyrate supplementation (Liu et al., ; Wang et al., ). The microbial α‐amylase activity increased with isovalerate supplementation (Liu et al., ), but was unaffected by isobutyrate supplementation (Wang et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous studies found that populations of R. albus , R. flavefaciens , B. fibrisolvens and F. succinogenes, and activities of carboxymethyl‐cellulase and xylanase increased, but microbial protease activity decreased with isovalerate or isobutyrate supplementation (Liu et al., ; Wang et al., ). The microbial α‐amylase activity increased with isovalerate supplementation (Liu et al., ), but was unaffected by isobutyrate supplementation (Wang et al., ). However, Moharrery () reported that ruminal protease and α‐amylase activities were not affected by a mixed isoacids (isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate) supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers

Wang

Liu

Guo

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels and 2-methylbutyrate (MB) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, bacterial populations, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in Simmental steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers, averaging 18 months of age and 465 ± 8.6 kg of body weight (BW), were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design by a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Low protein (98.5 g CP/kg dry matter [LP] or high protein (128.7 g CP/kg dry matter [HP]) diets were fed with MB supplementation (0 g [MB-] or 16.8 g steer day [MB+]). Steers were fed a total mixed ration with dietary corn straw to concentrate ratio of 50:50 (dry matter [DM] basis). The CP × MB interaction was observed for ruminal total VFA, molar proportions of acetate and propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia-N, effective degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and CP, microbial enzyme activity, bacterial populations and total PD excretion (p < .05). Ruminal pH decreased (p < .05), but ruminal total VFA concentration increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Acetate molar proportion increased (p = .043) with MB supplementation, but was not affected by dietary CP level. Propionate molar proportion decreased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Consequently, acetate-to-propionate ratio increased (p = .001) with MB supplementation, but was not affected by dietary CP level. Ruminal ammonia-N content increased (p = .034) with increasing dietary CP level, but decreased (p = .012) with MB supplementation. The effective degradability of NDF and CP increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Microbial enzyme activity, bacterial populations and total PD excretion also increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. The results indicated that ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, microbial enzyme activity, ruminal bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis improved with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation in steers.

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Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet

Cited by 59 publications

References 39 publications

Improvement on the Nutritive Quality of Napier Grass Silage through Inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Formic Acid

Improvement on the Nutritive Quality of Napier Grass Silage through Inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Formic Acid

Effect of Steam Explosion onIn VitroGas Production Kinetics and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Three Common Straws

Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers

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