Effects of isoflurane on prefrontal acetylcholine release and hypothalamic Fos response in young adult and aged rats

Jansson, Anders; Olin, Kemal; Yoshitake, Takashi; Hagman, Beth; Herrington, Margery K.; Kehr, Ján; Permert, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.027

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Indeed, recent work found that both isoflurane and midazolam (a BDZ) increased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (Verbny et al, 2005). Previous studies have found that isoflurane can depress c-Fos in the spinal cord (Jinks et al, 2002), but elevate it in the hypothalamus in aged rats (Jansson et al, 2004), so it is not clear how isoflurane may have acted in this study, if at all on c-Fos expression. As indicated above, the use of isoflurane in association with injection here was aimed to reduce stress effects of injection and its previous use in association with injection has not been found not to overtly impair aggression or other maternal behaviors (D'Anna et al, 2005;D'Anna and Gammie, 2006;Gammie et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Isoflurane can activate corticosterone increases (Altholtz et al, 2006), alter acetylcholine release (Dong et al, 2006;Jansson et al, 2004), and also exert benzodiazepine-like actions on the GABA system (Antkowiak, 1999;Flaishon et al, 2003;Gyulai et al, 2001;Harris et al, 1993;Harrison et al, 1993;Moody et al, 1993). Hence, isoflurane and CDP could be acting in a complementary manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GABA enhancement of maternal defense in mice: Possible neural correlates

Lee

Gammie

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Previous studies have shown that low doses of GABA A receptor agonists facilitate maternal defense of offspring (maternal aggression), without significantly affecting other maternal behaviors. In addition, it has been demonstrated that endogenous changes in GABAergic neurotransmission occur in association with lactation. This study investigated the effects of GABA A receptor agonist, chlordiazepoxide (CDP), a benzodiazepine (BDZ), on maternal behaviors including aggression, and identified brain regions with altered activity in association with treatment. Another aim of the study was to determine whether CDP injections could prevent decreases in maternal aggression that occur with pup separation. Intraperitoneal injections of 1mg/kg of CDP significantly increased maternal defense without affecting other maternal behaviors, although a trend towards elevated nursing was noted. CDP significantly reduced c-Fos in lateral septum (LS) and caudal periaqueductal gray (cPAG) in behaviorally-experienced mice relative to vehicle-injected controls. In behaviorally-naïve subjects, CDP also decreased c-Fos in LS, but in cPAG this decrease was just above significance (p = 0.051). CDP was not sufficient to "rescue" maternal aggression when pup stimulus was removed. Overall, these studies provide further insights into the role for GABA in maternal behaviors, including aggression, and how and where BDZs may act to modulate behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA enhancement of maternal defense in mice: Possible neural correlates

Lee

Gammie

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Vasodilators such as isoflurane and halothane have direct effects on cerebral vascular smooth muscle (22). Isoflurane also suppresses the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptosomes of cortical neurons (32)(33)(34) and reduces neural activity in the cerebral cortex (23,24). Using calcium imaging in the activated visual cortex of the ferret, Schummers et al have shown that isoflurane modulates the neurovascular coupling level by decreasing astrocyte activity, while preserving neuron activity (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of isoflurane on neural tissue and hemodynamics are complex. Isoflurane is an anesthetic agent known to disrupt neurovascular coupling (22,26), depending on dosage, as well as to suppress the neural activity in cerebral cortices (23)(24)(25). Because isoflurane is not only a vasodilator, but also a modulator of neurovascular coupling, it can disturb the behavior of the hemodynamic response nonlinearly (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water diffusion in brain cortex closely tracks underlying neuronal activity

Tsurugizawa

Ciobanu

Bihan

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neuronal activity results in a local increase in blood flow. This concept serves as the basis for functional MRI. Still, this approach remains indirect and may fail in situations interfering with the neurovascular coupling mechanisms (drugs, anesthesia). Here we establish that water molecular diffusion is directly modulated by underlying neuronal activity using a rat forepaw stimulation model under different conditions of neuronal stimulation and neurovascular coupling. Under nitroprusside infusion, a neurovascular-coupling inhibitor, the diffusion response and local field potentials were maintained, whereas the hemodynamic response was abolished. As diffusion MRI reflects interactions of water molecules with obstacles (e.g., cell membranes), the observed changes point to a dynamic modulation of the neural tissue structure upon activation, which remains to be investigated. These findings represent a significant shift in concept from the current electrochemical and neurovascular coupling principles used for brain imaging, and open unique avenues to investigate mechanisms underlying brain function.

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