Effects of Intradermal Injection of Vasopressors in Normal and Diseased Human Skin

Stoughton, Richard B.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1960.01580030094012

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since DMAA was considered by some to be a naturally occurring component of the geranium plant, products/supplements containing geranium‐based entities avoided regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However papers published in 1951 and 1960 as well as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vivo screening data of synthetic DMAA have shown there may be potential side effects and toxicity. One question is whether the DMAA in supplements is from geranium parts and extracts, or if it is a synthetic product .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in supplements and geranium products: natural or synthetic?

Zhang

Woods

Breitbach

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

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1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a stimulant existing in various pre-workout supplements and often labelled as part of geranium plants. The safety and origin of DMAA in these supplements is the subject of intense debate. In this study, the enantiomeric and diastereomeric ratios of two different known synthetic DMAA compounds, as well as the total concentrations of DMAA and its stereoisomeric ratios in 13 different supplements, were determined by gas chromatography. The stereoisomeric ratios of DMAA in the synthetic standards and in all the commercial supplements were indistinguishable. Eight different commercial geranium extracts of different geographical origins (China and the Middle East) were examined for the presence of DMAA by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). No DMAA was detected in any of the eight geranium products with a limit of detection of 10 parts per billion (w/w).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in supplements and geranium products: natural or synthetic?

Zhang

Woods

Breitbach

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Anecdotal experiences with the Vonedrine nasal inhaler have been described in 2 reports from the 1940s [22,23], and 1 study found the Vonedrine nasal inhaler to be comparable to an amphetamine nasal inhaler for its decongesting effects [24]. Subcutaneous phenpromethamine has been found to cause skin blanching [25] and, to our knowledge, oral use of phenpromethamine has only been described in a single report [26]. The report published in 1944 involved 10 patients and is notable in that it was sponsored by the drug's manufacturer and authored by a pediatric resident; the author claimed that in 6 of 10 patients with asthma, oral deterenol improved symptoms of asthma without changes in blood pressure or pulse [26].…”

Section: Phenpromethamine (Vonedrine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nine prohibited stimulants found in sports and weight loss supplements: deterenol, phenpromethamine (Vonedrine), oxilofrine, octodrine, beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA), 1,4-dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA) and higenamine

Cohen

Travis

Vanhee

et al. 2021

Clinical Toxicology

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Background: Weight loss and sports supplements containing deterenol have been associated with serious adverse events including cardiac arrest. Objective: To determine the presence and quantity of experimental stimulants in dietary supplements labeled as containing deterenol sold in the United States. Methods: Dietary supplements available for sale in the US and labeled as containing deterenol or one of its synonyms (e.g., isopropylnorsynephrine and isopropyloctopamine) were purchased online. For each brand, one container or subsample was analyzed by NSF International (Ann Arbor, MI) and one container or subsample by the Netherland's National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands). When differences existed between the two containers or subsamples of the same brand, both products were reanalyzed by Sciensano (Brussels, Belgium). NSF International carried out qualitative and quantitative analyses using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RIVM performed qualitative and quantitative analysis using UHPLC quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sciensano carried out qualitative analysis using UHPLC quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results: Seventeen brands of supplements were analyzed. Many brands included more than one prohibited stimulant in the same product: 4 brands (24%, 4/17) included 2 stimulants, 2 (12%, 2/17) combined 3 stimulants, and 2 (12%, 2/17) combined 4 stimulants. The range of quantities per recommended serving size of the 9 stimulants detected were 2.7 mg to 17 mg of deterenol; 1.3 mg to 20 mg of phenpromethamine (Vonedrine); 5.7 mg to 92 mg of beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA); 18 mg to 73 mg of octodrine; 18 mg to 55 mg of oxilofrine; 48 mg of higenamine; 17 mg of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA); 1.8 mg to 6.6 mg of 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA); and 5.3 mg of 1,4dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA). Conclusion: Weight loss and sports supplements listing deterenol as an ingredient contained 9 prohibited stimulants and 8 different mixtures of stimulants, with as many as 4 experimental stimulants per product. These cocktails of stimulants have never been tested in humans and their safety is unknown.

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“…Adrenergic responses are likewise controversial with reports of increased vascular reactivity and of normal reactivity to intracutaneous injections (10,15,16). In asthmatics, skin vasoconstriction and pupillary responsiveness to phenylephrine were increased (17).…”

Section: Pharmacophysiological Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological abnormalities in atopic dermatitis

Hanifin¹

1989

Allergy

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Numerous investigations have described cutaneous and systemic physiological and pharmacological aberrations in atopic dermatitis and the atopic diathesis. Some of these studies set the stage for a focus upon cyclic nucleotide abnormalities. Elevated leukocyte cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase accounts for low intraceilular cyclic AMP levels in atopic dermatitis. The resultant permissive effect correlates with abnormal functional parameters such as increased basophil histamine release and in vitro IgE synthesis. In vitro and clinical use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors corrects abnormal parameters and may indicate future therapeutic directions.

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Effects of Intradermal Injection of Vasopressors in Normal and Diseased Human Skin

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in supplements and geranium products: natural or synthetic?

1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in supplements and geranium products: natural or synthetic?

Nine prohibited stimulants found in sports and weight loss supplements: deterenol, phenpromethamine (Vonedrine), oxilofrine, octodrine, beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA), 1,4-dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA) and higenamine

Pharmacological abnormalities in atopic dermatitis

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