1960
DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.3.485
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Abstract: By means of a partial extracorporeal bypass, incorporating a bubble counting chamber, measured quantities of oxygen and of air microbubbles, having average diameters of 100 and 76 µ, respectively, were introduced into the carotid arteries of dogs. The desired number of bubbles was produced by varying the blood level and gas flow in the bubble oxygenator. Eighty per cent of dogs receiving oxygen in volumes up to 0.43 cc/kg (approximately 12.5 million microbubbles) survived without evidence of neurologic abnorma… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…For instance, in order for the estimated gas volume of 5.49 pl represented by 8844 microbubbles counted by the Keele detector in one minute to be doubled, the liberation rate of microbubbles with diameters less than 20 pm would need to be greater than 1-31 x lo6 min-'. Even under these conditions, and taking the lowest published estimate of Landew et al, 23 it would take 20 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass to produce a lethal dose. Of course, this does not show that lower doses Of gas are harmless or that there are no secondary effects, such as platelet a g g r e g a t i~n ,~~ but these Consequences have yet to be demonstrated during…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For instance, in order for the estimated gas volume of 5.49 pl represented by 8844 microbubbles counted by the Keele detector in one minute to be doubled, the liberation rate of microbubbles with diameters less than 20 pm would need to be greater than 1-31 x lo6 min-'. Even under these conditions, and taking the lowest published estimate of Landew et al, 23 it would take 20 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass to produce a lethal dose. Of course, this does not show that lower doses Of gas are harmless or that there are no secondary effects, such as platelet a g g r e g a t i~n ,~~ but these Consequences have yet to be demonstrated during…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…~~ produced the Same effect with only 0.5 ml kg-'. Landew et al 23 ,jtimated the volume of air liberated from bubble during partial cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs. Dogs receiving as little as 0.19 ml kg-' of air in the form of microbubbles died.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The air bubbles escape into the systemic arteries and the clinical manifestations depend on the site of arterial occlusion. Cardiac damage caused by air bubbles in the coronary arteries and the neurological effect of cerebral air embolism have been reported by various investigators (Friedman et al, 1962, Goldfab and Bahnson, 1963James et al, 1953;Landew et al, 1960). In pulmonary or venous embolism, air enters a systemic vein and is carried to the right side of the heart.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The occlusion of the small blood vessel by the bubble prevents blood from flowing, and this persists until the bubble is dissolved. Long lasting bubbles, therefore, may cause damage similar to thrombosis and other clinical manifestations (Benjamin et al, 1954;Boerema, 1965;Durant, 1949;Equchi and Bosher, 1962;James et al, 1953;Landew et al, 1960). Goldfarb and Bahuson (1963), using mongrel dogs, showed various degrees of cardiac damages due to small amounts of air introduced directly into the coronary arteries.…”
Section: Types Of Air Embolismmentioning
confidence: 99%