Effects of Individual Differences and Situational Features on Age Differences in Mindless Reading

Shake, Matthew; Shulley, Leah J.; Soto-Freita, Angelica M.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv012

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Similar results were reported in a study by Shake et al (2015) in which age-related differences in MW were measured during reading of a narrative text (an autobiographical narrative) and an expository text (containing historical and factual descriptions). Both groups reported less MW in the narrative relative to the expository text, and this former text was also rated as less difficult to read and more interesting.…”

Section: Mind-wanderingsupporting

confidence: 86%

From mind wandering to involuntary retrieval: Age-related differences in spontaneous cognitive processes

2016

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The majority of studies that have investigated the effects of healthy aging on cognition have focused on age-related differences in voluntary and deliberately engaged cognitive processes. Yet many forms of cognition occur spontaneously, without any deliberate attempt at engaging them. In this article we review studies that have assessed age-related differences in four such types of spontaneous thought processes: mind-wandering, involuntary autobiographical memory, intrusive thoughts, and spontaneous prospective memory retrieval. These studies suggest that older adults exhibit a reduction in frequency of both mind-wandering and involuntary autobiographical memory, whereas findings regarding intrusive thoughts have been more mixed. Additionally, there is some preliminary evidence that spontaneous prospective memory retrieval may be relatively preserved in aging. We consider the roles of age-related differences in cognitive resources, motivation, current concerns and emotional regulation in accounting for these findings. We also consider age-related differences in the neural correlates of spontaneous cognitive processes.

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Section: Mind-wanderingsupporting

confidence: 86%

From mind wandering to involuntary retrieval: Age-related differences in spontaneous cognitive processes

2016

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“…Mirroring our findings, mind‐wandering frequency was not related with working memory spans. In a similar vein, Shake et al evaluated age‐related differences in mind wandering during the reading of texts . Older adults reported finding the texts more interesting than younger adults, and also reported less mind wandering compared with younger adults during texts reading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐track thoughts: Intentional and unintentional mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease

Haj

Antoine

Moustafa

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim Despite the recent upsurge of interest in mind wandering (i.e. the occurrence of task‐unrelated and stimulus‐independent thoughts), little research has attempted to evaluate mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We addressed this issue by evaluating intentional and unintentional mind wandering, as well as the relationship between both mind‐wandering domains. We also investigated the relationship between mind wandering and depression and working memory. Methods A total of 30 participants with AD and 33 control participants participated in the study. Results The results showed higher intentional and unintentional mind wandering in AD participants than in controls. In AD participants and controls, both mind wandering domains were significantly correlated with depression, but not with working memory. Conclusions The present findings show a tendency of AD patients to shift from external stimuli to task‐unrelated thoughts and concerns, a tendency that seems to be related with depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 342–346.

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“…As people are mind-wandering about half the time in daily life [28], this yields ~2,000 self-generated thoughts each day [27]. Very young children likely lack the ability to form the kind of coherent, interiorized streams of thought that would allow for self-generated thought [25], and there is ample evidence that the frequency of self-generated thought declines somewhat in later life (e.g., [29]). But despite these periods at the dawn and dusk of life where self-generated thought is absent or curtailed, the output of the human mind over some 70 years of highly active thought-generation is staggering: some 50,000,000 self-generated thoughts.…”

Section: A Dual-process Model Of Mind-wandering: Generation and Evalumentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind-wandering as creative thinking: neural, psychological, and theoretical considerations

Fox

Beaty

2019

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Creative thinking is understood via a dual-process model involving the generation of creative ideas followed by their subsequent evaluation and refinement. Creative products must also meet a dual-criterion definition requiring that they be both novel and useful.Mind-wandering consists of self-generated thoughts unrelated to a task or the surrounding environment, involving a relatively spontaneous generation stage sometimes (but not always) followed by a more deliberate stage in which thoughts are evaluated and reflected upon. These stages of mind-wandering show brain recruitment similar to the equivalent stages of creative thinking, and moreover, much mind-wandering can be considered novel and useful. We aim to show that there is a profound analogy -perhaps even a direct relationship -between mind-wandering and creative thinking.Article in press at Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Special Issue: Creativity

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Effects of Individual Differences and Situational Features on Age Differences in Mindless Reading

Abstract: Our findings are discussed in terms of implications for age differences in lapses of attention during reading and predictors of mind-wandering generally.

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

From mind wandering to involuntary retrieval: Age-related differences in spontaneous cognitive processes

From mind wandering to involuntary retrieval: Age-related differences in spontaneous cognitive processes

Off‐track thoughts: Intentional and unintentional mind wandering in Alzheimer's disease

Mind-wandering as creative thinking: neural, psychological, and theoretical considerations

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