“…To model the charge states at higher pH, 50%-protonated and completely unprotonated PLLs were also generated (Table 1). For palmitoyloleoylglycerophosphocholine (POPC) lipids, potential parameters were taken from the Berger lipid FF, 59 which was modified to be compatible with the OPLS FF by Tieleman et al 60 With this modified lipid FF and TIP4P water, we previously equilibrated lipid bilayers, showing the area per lipid of 62.3 (AE1.5), 64.6 (AE0.2), and 67.7 (AE0.2) Å 2 , respectively, for DMPC, POPC, and DOPC bilayers, 61 which agree well with the experimental values of 59.9 (DMPC), 64.3 (POPC), and 67.4 Å 2 (DOPC) at 303 K. 62,63 Also, we calculated lateral diffusion coefficients of those bilayers, showing 0.81 (AE0.07), 0.69 (AE0.1), and 0.74 (AE0.1) Â 10 À7 cm 2 s À1 , respectively, for DMPC, POPC, and DOPC bilayers, 61,64 which favorably compare with the experimental values of 1.0, 0.78, and 0.82 Â 10 À7 cm 2 s À1 . 65,66 These indicate that simulations using this FF can successfully reproduce the experimentally observed areas per lipid and lateral diffusivities of lipids.…”