Effects of heavy metals on population growth and metallothionein gene expression in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, from Calcutta, India

Sarkar, Sagartirtha; Duttagupta, Asish K; Mal, Tarun K.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.005

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Another explanatory hypothesis for reduced energy availability for growth in the larvae exposed to copper refers to biochemical mechanisms set up to counteract effects of the toxicant, e.g. metal-induced production of metallothionein-like proteins (Gillis et al, 2002;Sarkar et al, 2004) and heat-shock proteins (KarounaReinier and Zehr, 2003). Increased energy demand may thus result from such an energy reallocation, so that enhanced mobilization of energy reserves may occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of copper on energy metabolism and larval development in the midge Chironomus riparius

Servia

Péry²,

Heydorff

et al. 2006

Ecotoxicology

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When spiked in sediments, copper is known to reduce growth of Chironomus riparius larvae and the production of eggs by adult females. The aim of this work was to better understand the origin of these phenomena by studying the effects of copper using developmental and energetic biomarkers, such as changes in larval weight and age and changes in the levels of sugars and lipids. Four-day-old C. riparius larvae were exposed to nominal concentrations of copper of 0, 6.5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg of dry sediment (silica) in 0.6 l beakers. They were fed ad libitum and exposures were stopped at 7 and 9 days after the beginning of the tests. The larvae were weighed, sexed and aged. For each sex, the larvae belonging to the phases the most frequently found in the beakers were selected for dissection and measurement of energy reserves. The increase in the concentration of copper resulted in an increasing delay in larval growth in both sexes. Desynchronized development was observed, as shown by the increase in the number of individuals that remained in the third instar or early phases of the fourth instar, as well as by a reduction in age of males. Concerning energy reserves, the levels of sugars (glycogen, trehalose and glucose) in the dissected larvae remained almost constant among levels of exposure. In contrast, at the highest copper concentration (50 mg/kg), triglyceride levels suffered a slight reduction whereas the level of free glycerol significantly increased. It is concluded that selection of C. riparius larvae for both sex and age improves the relevance of some energy-yielding substrates as indicators of adverse physiological effects of copper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of copper on energy metabolism and larval development in the midge Chironomus riparius

Servia

Péry²,

Heydorff

et al. 2006

Ecotoxicology

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“…Previous studies have indicated that metallothionein and α-tubulin genes that are present in insects can be used as potential biomarkers (Hare, 1992;Klerks & Weis, 1987;Mattingly et al, 2001;Roesijadi, 1994). Metallothionein was assessed through C. quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae for Copper, Cadmium and Zinc aquatic environmental levels (Sarkar et al, 2004). Therefore, the genes identified might be useful in the development of potential biomarkers that can be used to assess the level of environmental pollution of heavy metal origin in An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional responses of Anopheles gambiae s.s mosquito larvae to chronic exposure of cadmium heavy metal

et al. 2017

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larvae traditionally thrive in non-polluted Background Anopheles gambiae environments. We previously documented the presence of the larvae in heavy metal polluted urban aquatic environments and the associated biological cost. The goal of this study was to unravel the molecular dynamics involved in the adaptation of the mosquitoes to the heavy metals.: Total RNA was extracted from third instar larvae of both cadmium Methods treated populations and untreated control populations. The RNA concentrations were normalized and complementary DNAs were prepared. Then annealing control primer (ACP) technology was applied to establish transcriptional responses in larvae following several generational (n=90) chronic An. gambiae exposures to cadmium. Differentially expressed genes were determined by their differential banding patterns on an agarose gel. Gel extraction and purification was then carried out on the DEGs and these were later cloned and sequenced to establish the specific transcripts.: We identified 14 differentially expressed transcripts in response to the Results cadmium exposure in the larvae. Most (11) of the transcripts were up-regulated in response to the cadmium exposure and were putatively functionally associated with metabolism, transport and protein synthesis processes. The transcripts included ATP-binding cassette transporter, eupolytin, ribosomal RNA, translation initiation factor, THO complex, lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, sodium-independent sulfate anion transporter and myotubularin related protein 2. The down-regulated transcripts were functionally associated with signal transduction and proteolytic activity and included Protein G12, adenylate cyclase and endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase.: Our findings shed light on pathways functionally associated with Conclusions the adaptation to heavy metals that can be targeted in integrated vector control programs, and potential larvae biomarkers for assessment of An. gambiae environmental stress or contamination. Referee Status:

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“…Even though we can’t ignore the relative high deviation existing in Kenya populations, we suspected the variations might be from the larvae rearing condition and other environmental factors, i.e. photoperiod [29]–[31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers for Anopheles gambiae Age Grading

et al. 2013

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Information on population age structure of mosquitoes under natural conditions is fundamental to the understanding of vectorial capacity and crucial for assessing the impact of vector control measures on malaria transmission. Transcriptional profiling has been proposed as a method for predicting mosquito age for Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, however, whether this new method is adequate for natural conditions is unknown. This study tests the applicability of transcriptional profiling for age-grading of Anopheles gambiae, the most important malaria vector in Africa. The transcript abundance of two An. gambiae genes, AGAP009551 and AGAP011615, was measured during aging under laboratory and field conditions in three mosquito strains. Age-dependent monotonic changes in transcript levels were observed in all strains evaluated. These genes were validated as age-grading biomarkers using the mark, release and recapture (MRR) method. The MRR method determined a good correspondence between actual and predicted age, and thus demonstrated the value of age classifications derived from the transcriptional profiling of these two genes. The technique was used to establish the age structure of mosquito populations from two malaria-endemic areas in western Kenya. The population age structure determined by the transcriptional profiling method was consistent with that based on mosquito parity. This study demonstrates that the transcription profiling method based on two genes is valuable for age determination of natural mosquitoes, providing a new approach for determining a key life history trait of malaria vectors.

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Effects of heavy metals on population growth and metallothionein gene expression in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, from Calcutta, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of copper on energy metabolism and larval development in the midge Chironomus riparius

Effects of copper on energy metabolism and larval development in the midge Chironomus riparius

Transcriptional responses of Anopheles gambiae s.s mosquito larvae to chronic exposure of cadmium heavy metal

Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers for Anopheles gambiae Age Grading

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