Effects of graded levels of true ileal digestible threonine on performance, serum parameters and immune function of 10–25kg pigs

Wang, X.; Qiao, Shiyan; Liu, M.; Ma, Yulin

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.003

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the present study, the immunoglobulin concentrations and PRV-specific antibody in serum were increased after higher Thr diet intake, which was consistent with the study conducted by Li et al (1999) in growing pigs and Wang et al (2006). They demonstrated that a higher Thr level was needed to maximize humoral antibody and IgG production in 17 to 31 and 10 to 25 kg pigs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, serum antibody titers increased with increasing Thr intake in chickens infected with the Newcastle disease virus (Bhargava et al, 1971). In addition, dietary Thr supplementation increased serum IgG level in sows (Cuaron et al,1984), and enhanced antibody production, serum IgG level and jejunal mucosal interleukin (IL)-6 concentration of young pigs challenged with Escherichia coli (Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

Lin

Fang

et al. 2012

Animal

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary threonine (Thr) supplement on reproductive performance and immune function of the male mice challenged with pseudorabies virus (PRV). Kun-Ming male mice were assigned randomly to four groups with different Thr levels (0.70%, 0.88%, 1.10% and 1.30%). Half of the mice in each group were injected with PRV or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after 5 weeks' adaptation to diets. The second experiment examined the effects of dietary Thr level on copulation rate, pregnancy rate and average number per litter of PRV-or PBS-challenged male mice that copulated with adult female mice on the 9th day post PRV challenge. Sperm quality and testosterone of mice were decreased after PRV infection, but this effect was attenuated by increasing Thr levels. Copulation and conception rates were increased with increasing Thr levels (P 5 0.14), but litter size was not affected (P . 0.05). In the PBS and PRV groups, mice fed higher levels of Thr had increased immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and IgM concentrations. The PRV-specific antibody level, interleukin (IL)-1b and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a concentration in PRV groups enhanced with increasing Thr levels; however, there was no difference in PBS groups. Furthermore, higher toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR9 expressions in testis were observed by PRV challenge compared with PBS groups, and higher Thr supplement attenuated PRV-challenged induced the upregulation effect of TLR2 and TLR9 mRNA expression in testis (P , 0.05). These data suggest that higher Thr consumption was recommended in order to counteract the deleterious effects of virus invasion, possibly through the downregulated expression of TLRs, and thus to improve immunity and reproduction performance of male mice challenged with PRV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

Lin

Fang

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…Also, dietary supplementation with threonine increased serum levels of IgG in sows (Cuaron et al, 1984). Further, increasing dietary threonine intake increased antibody production, serum IgG levels and jejunal mucosal concentrations of IgG and IgA (Wang et al, 2006). Furthermore, It should be notified that dietary methionine can influence the metabolism of other amino acids (Moritoki and Yoshida,1970;Sanchez et al, 1972) due to the potential effect of dietary methionine on the availability of threonine for host immunity, dietary excessive methionine being capable of depress plasma threonine levels (Moritoki and Yoshida,1970) and stimulating the activity of threonine dehydratase (Sanchez et al, 1972;Sanchez and Swendseid, 1969) a key enzyme in the pathway of serine and threonine catabolism and therefore ability of threonine to increase survival of the host depend on adequate essential amino acid including methionine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease

Maroufyan¹

2010

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing methionine and threonine higher than the National Research Council (NRC) recommendation in the diets on immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Approach: A total of 450 day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to one of the nine dietary treatments. Three levels of methionine (NRC (M1), 2 times NRC (M2) and 3 times NRC (M3)) and 3 levels of threonine (NRC (T1), 2 times NRC (T2) and 3 times NRC (T3)) were fed. On day 28, all birds were challenged with a commercial live-IBDV vaccine. Results: Antibody titer against IBD and ND were influenced by interaction of threonine and methionine. On 7 days after IBD challenge, ND antibody titer of the broilers receiving the highest level of methionine and threonine was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups. Lesion score of the bursa of the broilers receiving control diet was significantly the highest compared with the other treatments. Conclusion/Recommendations:The results obtained on the present study indicated that threonine and methionine requirements of broiler based on recommendation of NRC are not sufficient to meet the requirement of the new commercial poultry and commercial broiler companies under non-hygienic condition.

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“…In our study, we increased the AID Thr level from 6.7 to 7.8 g/kg of diet by adding crystalline Thr into the diet, and found the growth performance of pigs was not affected by increasing Thr:Lys from 0.62 to 0.72. Wang et al (2006) reported that ADG and feed conversion were improved by increasing the dietary true ileal digestible Thr levels (5.3, 5.8, 6.5, 7.5 vs. 8.5 g/kg) in weanling pigs, while no difference in growth performance was observed among 6.5, 7.5 vs. 8.5 g/kg of Thr. Adeola et al (1994) reported that the ADG was linearly increased with increasing Thr concentration (4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NRC (1998) recommendations of dietary apparent ileal digestible (AID) Thr and lysine (Lys) concentrations for 5-20 kg pigs are 10.3 and 6.1 g/kg, respectively, representing a Thr:Lys ratio of 0.59. Wang et al (2006) reported that up to 8.5 g/kg of true ileal digestible Thr could improve the growth performance of weanling pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratios on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, and nitrogen balance in weaned pigs

Zhang

Kim

2014

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of threonine:lysine (Thr:Lys) ratios on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, and nitrogen balance in weaned pigs. In Experiment 1, a total of 90 weaned pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an initial average body weight (BW) of 6.57 ± 0.46 kg were allocated into three treatments for 35 days. Each treatment had six replicate pens with five pigs per pen. Diets were formulated with different apparent ileal digestible (AID) Thr:Lys ratios of 0.62, 0.67, and 0.72. Dietary AID of Lys and Thr concentrations were set at 10.8 and 6.7, 7.2, 7.8 g/kg, respectively. Throughout the experiment, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed:gain ratio were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary Thr:Lys ratios. However, BUN concentration was increased (linear, P = 0.01) as the Thr:Lys ratio increased at day 35. In Experiment 2, a total of 24 weaned pigs with an average BW of 8.57 ± 0.32 kg were individually housed in metabolic cages and fed for 10 days. Dietary treatments were the same as in Experiment 1. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion in feces and urine, and nitrogen retention were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary Thr:Lys ratios. In conclusion, increasing dietary AID Thr: Lys ratio (0.62, 0.67 vs. 0.72) could not improve the growth performance and nitrogen balance in weaned pigs.

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Effects of graded levels of true ileal digestible threonine on performance, serum parameters and immune function of 10–25kg pigs

Cited by 76 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

Effect of threonine on immunity and reproductive performance of male mice infected with pseudorabies virus

The Effect of Methionine and Threonine Supplementations on Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease

Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratios on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, and nitrogen balance in weaned pigs

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