Effects of Glyphosate and Its Metabolite AMPA on Aquatic Organisms

Abstract

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) was developed in the early 1970s and at present is used as a herbicide to kill broadleaf weeds and grass. The widely occurring degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is a result of glyphosate and amino-polyphosphonate degradation. The massive use of the parent compound leads to the ubiquity of AMPA in the environment, and particularly in water. Considering this, it can be assumed that glyphosate and its major metabolites could pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. This review summarizes current knowledge about residual glyphosate and its major metabolite AMPA in the aquatic environment, including its status and toxic effects in aquatic organisms, mainly fish. Based on the above, we identify major gaps in the current knowledge and some directions for future research knowledge about the effects of worldwide use of herbicide glyphosate and its major metabolite AMPA. The toxic effect of glyphosate and its major metabolite AMPA has mainly influenced growth, early development, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, haematological, and biochemical plasma indices and also caused histopathological changes in aquatic organisms.

Special Issue on the Histopathology of Aquatic Animals

“…In both articles, histopathology is used as a marker of effects, and it is one of the several biomarkers that were reviewed. Tresnakova et al [17] presented an overview of the effects of glyphosate and its major metabolite AMPA in different formulations to various species of fish, amphibians and aquatic invertebrates. Endpoints included: hematological parameters, blood biochemistry, gene expression, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes.…”

Прояви Окисного Стресу Та Метаболічних Порушень У Danio Rerio За Дії Фосфоорганічних Пестицидів

“…Трьом іншим групам у воду додавали раундап у концентраціях 10 мкг/дм 3 (RL) і 400 мкг/дм 3 (RH) та малатіону концентраціях 6 мкг/дм 3 (ML) і 60 мкг/дм 3 (MH). Концентрації чинників відповідали діапазону їх концентрацій у поверхневих водах або місцях скиду побутових стоків із полів [2,9,11,15,27]. Інкубація тварин тривала 14 діб.…”

“…Більше того, окисний стрес супроводжувався змінами протеїнового складу крові та активності ензимів протеїнового метаболізму [19]. Не менш небезпечним за даними авторів [27] є продукт розпаду гліфосатуамінометилфосфонова кислота (АМФК), яка на рівні з основною речовиною провокує у водних організмів порушення росту і раннього розвитку, окисний стрес, інгібування антиоксидантних ензимів, гематологічні та гістопатологічні зміни. Тому недотримання регламенту використання пестицидів на основі гліфосату може мати синергічний ефект дії [3,27].…”

Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Modified Oyster Shell Powder/Ce-N-TiO<sub>2</sub> by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

“…Glyphosate (N-(Phosphonomethyl) glycine, PMG) is one of the most widely used broad-spectrum active organophosphorus herbicides in the world [1], reaching a solubility of 15.7 g/L (pH = 7) in water at 25˚C. In recent years, with the devel-opment of agriculture and industry, the intensive use of glyphosate pesticides on a large scale has made it an important component of DOP input to the water environment through the surface water circulation system, with significant toxic effects on phytoplankton, fish and other aquatic organisms in the water column [2]. In view of the harmful side effects of glyphosate and its derivative AMPA on soil and water quality as well as plant, animal and human health, it has been reclassified as a possible carcinogen by the World Health Organization in 2015 based on reports of potential chronic side effects of glyphosate in recent years [3] [4] [5].…”