Effects of Gamma Radiation on Mitosis and Meiosis Anomalies and Agronomic Features in M2 Plants of <i>Vicia faba</i> cv. Saraziri

Abstract

Investigation of aberrations caused by gamma radiation in mitosis and meiosis might be fundamental to elucidate the interaction between radiations and biological systems. To identify the effects of the various doses of gamma radiation (25, 35, 45, 55 Gy) on mitotic and meiotic traits and agronomical features, a field experiment and microscopy assays were conducted on M2 generation of Vicia faba cv. Saraziri. Various types of mitotic and meiotic anomalies including laggard chromosomes, precocious movement of chromosome, anaphase and telophase bridge, chromosome fragments, chromosome stickiness, micronuclei, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, the trinucleate status in telophase and tripolar anaphase were observed in root meristem cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs). The meiosis of PMCs showed less sensitivity towards gamma radiation than mitosis of root meristem cells. Among different stages of mitosis and meiosis, the most anomalies in terms of frequency were attributed to anaphase in mitosis and telophase II in meiosis. The recorded data of different anomalies confirmed that the micronuclei in telophase of mitosis and meiosis had the most frequencies in all gamma ray doses. The effects of different doses of gamma rays on agronomic traits including the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, and seed yield per plant were significant and the values decreased as the irradiation dose increased. Moreover, increasing irradiation doses caused a delay in flowering, pod setting, and pod ripening period. The highly negative correlations between mitosis and meiosis anomalies and agronomical traits were reported in this research.

GAMMA IRRADIATION INDUCED CLASTOGENIC ABNORMALITIES IN Vigna radiata

“…Furthermore, reduced growth caused by gamma radiation also resulted in auxin reduction, disturbed ascorbic acid content, as well as disturbances in the plant's physiology and biochemical contents. In a previous study on gamma irradiated Vicia faba by Siahpoosh et al (2020), there was a negative correlation between the number of pods per plant and mitosis anomalies, as a higher percentage of mitosis anomalies greatly reduces the number of pods which will affect the seed yield per plant. Clastogenic activities such as sticky chromosomes are caused by either increased contraction or condensation of chromosomes or DNA depolymerization and partial dissolution of nucleoproteins which is irreversible and might lead to apoptosis (Sabeen et al, 2020).…”

“…Mitotic cells can easily be obtained from the roots of germinating seed which provide an early indicator of plant sensitivity towards the mutagen. The presence of chromosomal aberration in mitotic cells can be used to relate it to GAMMA IRRADIATION INDUCED CLASTOGENIC ABNORMALITIES the possibility of a similar occurrence in meiotic cells as proved by Siahpoosh et al (2020), where similar types of chromosomal aberrations can be observed in mitotic and meiotic cells of gamma irradiated Vicia faba.…”

Occurrence of cytogenetic effects under the action of epimutagen in winter wheat

“…Such indicators as the general rate of chromosomal aberrations and various rates of individual changes in the spectrum were of key importance for determining the nature of the impact on the chromosomal apparatus. Thus, such indicators as the presence of double fragments, bridges, the ratio of fragments and bridges (in terms of the nature of the mutagenic factor), and the presence of complex chromosomal rearrangements were of great importance for the identification of a mutagenic factor at the cell level (Nazarenko, 2016;Siahpoosh et al, 2020). However, the presence of such a number of micronuclei and lagging chromosomes with such a small presence of cells with complex aberrations has never been observed under the action of any chemical substance (Nikolova et al, 2015).…”