Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high strength steel spot welds under lap shear loading conditions

X, Sun; Stephens, Elizabeth V.; Khaleel, Mohammad A.

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.01.018

Cited by 178 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Vehicle crashworthiness, which is defined as the capability of a car structure to provide adequate protection to its passengers against injuries in the event of a crash, largely depends on the integrity and the mechanical performance of the spot welds. 1,[5][6][7] The energy absorption capability of the spot welds, which is an important parameter in vehicle crashworthiness, is controlled by weld physical attributes [especially fusion zone (FZ) size and electrode indentation size] and weld metallurgical attributes [microstructure of the base metal (BM), FZ and heat affected zone (HAZ)]. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The failure mode of spot welds (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the pullout mode is the preferred failure mode due to its higher associated plastic deformation and energy absorption. 1,7,18,19 Thus, vehicle crashworthiness, as the main concern in the automotive design, may reduce if spot welds fail via interfacial mode. 1,20 Therefore, it is generally desired to adjust welding parameters so that the interfacial failure mode is prevented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…martensite formation in FZ and HAZ and martensite tempering in HAZ) have been studied in reasonable details. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, the welding metallurgy of stainless steels during RSW is yet to be addressed. There are limited works on the resistance spot weldability of stainless steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Welding metallurgy of stainless steels during resistance spot welding Part II –heat affected zone and mechanical performance

Alizadeh-Sh

Pouranvari

Marashi

2015

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Implementation of new materials in automotive body-in-white requires through knowledge of their metallurgical response to welding process thermal cycle. This two-part paper aims at understanding the physical and mechanical metallurgy of stainless steels, as interesting candidates for automotive application, during resistance spot welding. The second part addresses the phase transformations in the heat affected zone of three types of stainless steels including austenitic, ferritic and duplex steels. Failure modes and mechanical properties of stainless steel resistance spot welds are discussed. The peak load and energy absorption of stainless steel resistance spot welds are compared with advanced high strength steels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Welding metallurgy of stainless steels during resistance spot welding Part II –heat affected zone and mechanical performance

Alizadeh-Sh

Pouranvari

Marashi

2015

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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“…According to the industrial standards, the minimum size of the spot welds to guarantee the pull-out fracture follows the relation D = K√t, where D is the weld nugget diameter in mm, K is a process-dependent constant ranging from 3 to 6, and t is the minimum sheet thickness in mm [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded DP600 Steel

Ramazani

Mukherjee

Abdurakhmanov

et al. 2015

Metals

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Abstract:Resistance spot welding (RSW) as a predominant welding technique used for joining steels in automotive applications needs to be studied carefully in order to improve the mechanical properties of the spot welds. The objectives of the present work are to characterize the resistance spot weldment of DP600 sheet steels. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated using tensile-shear and cross-tensile tests. The time-temperature evolution during the welding cycle was measured. The microstructures observed in different sites of the welds were correlated to thermal history recorded by thermocouples in the corresponding areas. It was found that cracks initiated in the periphery region of weld nuggets with a martensitic microstructure and a pull-out failure mode was observed. It was also concluded that tempering during RSW was the main reason for hardness decrease in HAZ. OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 1705

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“…The shear strength of a single lap spot welded joint is a complex phenomenon, which depends on several factors, namely, welding parameters and base metal properties [9,10]. The main failure modes for static weld strength using lap-shear are cross-nugget and complete button pull-out failure [8,11]. In the cross-nugget failure mode, failure occurs via crack propagation through the nugget fusion zone (FZ), while in complete button pull-out mode, the failure occurs via complete nugget withdrawal from one sheet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Spot Welded Low Carbon Steel

et al. 2015

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In this research, the effect of spot welding parameters on weld quality was investigated. The main affecting welding parameters such as weld current, weld time, electrode force and holding time were determined as the basis for quality evaluation. The selected quality features were classified into mechanical properties and failure behavior, which were required for application with highly dynamic loading. The peak load as one of the important mechanical properties, as well as the two distinct failure modes which were cross-nugget and complete button pull, were observed using tensile-shear stress. To obtain detailed shear stress testing results and to determine the significance of parameters, a servo-hydraulic testing machine was run at a constant cross-head speed of 2mm/min followed by statistical analysis methods, which were Taguchi's L 16 orthogonal array and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, the failure mode was to be observed based on the fracture surface used as reference for acceptance or rejection of the weld joint. Based on the results, the weld current was the significant factor affecting shear stress and the complete button pull was mostly found, which leads to the satisfactory condition of the joint. Cross-nugget and full button pull-out were the dominant failures observed in the lap-shear test. The cross-nugget failure leads to a low shear load, while complete button pull-out displays maximum shear load.

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Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high strength steel spot welds under lap shear loading conditions

Cited by 178 publications

References 3 publications

Welding metallurgy of stainless steels during resistance spot welding Part II –heat affected zone and mechanical performance

Welding metallurgy of stainless steels during resistance spot welding Part II –heat affected zone and mechanical performance

Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded DP600 Steel

Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Spot Welded Low Carbon Steel

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