Effects of fluoridation of community water supplies for people with chronic kidney disease

Ludlow, Marie; Luxton, Grant; Mathew, Timothy H.

doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm477

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Even though much high levels of fluoride are not consumed, experimental studies have shown a number of adverse health effects and a significant correlation between high fluoride levels (50 ppm -250 ppm) and renal damage [36,47,48]. But studies with fairly low concentrations of fluoride were relatively limited and such studies have clearly revealed that consumption of water up to 8 ppm fluoride in drinking water had no evidence of an increased frequency of kidney disease or tubular dysfunction [49]. In relation to the CKDu in Sri Lanka, the recently published studies have shown that there were no remarkable changes in renal tissues with reported fluoride levels in drinking water at the concentrations of 0.5 ppm and 5 ppm [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental rat model for acute tubular injury induced by high water hardness and high water fluoride: efficacy of primary preventive intervention by distilled water administration

et al. 2020

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Background: High water hardness associated with high water fluoride and the geographical distribution of Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka are well correlated. We undertook this study to observe the effects of high water hardness with high fluoride on kidney and liver in rats and efficacy of distilled water in reducing the effects. Methods: Test water sample with high water hardness and high fluoride was collected from Mihinthale region and normal water samples were collected from Kandy region. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 8 groups and water samples were introduced as follows as daily water supply. Four groups received normal water for 60 (N1) and 90 (N2) days and test water for 60 (T1) and 90 (T2) days. Other four groups received normal (N3) and test (T3) water for 60 days and followed by distilled water for additional 60 days and normal (N4) and test (T4) water for 90 days followed by distilled water for another 90 days. The rats were sacrificed following treatment. Serum samples were subjected to biochemical tests; serum creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and elemental analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out using kidney and liver samples. Results: Test water treated groups were associated with acute tubular injury with loss of brush border and test water followed with distilled water treated groups maintained a better morphology with minimal loss of brush border. Serum creatinine levels in T1 and T2 groups and urea level in T2 group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to control groups. After administration of distilled water, both parameters were significantly reduced in T4 group (p < 0.05) compared to T2. Serum AST activity was increased in T4 group (p < 0.05) compared to control group with no histopathological changes in liver tissues. The serum sodium levels were found to be much higher compared to the other electrolytes in test groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental rat model for acute tubular injury induced by high water hardness and high water fluoride: efficacy of primary preventive intervention by distilled water administration

et al. 2020

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“…However, individuals with impaired kidney function experience higher/more prolonged fluoride exposure after ingestion because of reduced urinary fluoride excretion, and those with end stage kidney disease may be at greater risk of fluorosis. [206] The Water Fluoridation Health Monitoring Report for England 2014[95] analysed the incidence of kidney stones in relation to CWF and found evidence that the incidence was lower in fluoridated areas than in non-fluoridated areas.…”

Section: Cardiovascular and Renal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fluoridation: It really is this simple

2017

Br Dent J

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(RSNZ), and the Ministry of Health, to review the scientific evidence for and against the efficacy and safety of fluoridation of public water supplies. After discussion between the parties, it was agreed that the Office of the PMCSA and the RSNZ would establish a panel to undertake a review. This review would adhere strictly to the scientific issues of safety and efficacy (or otherwise), but take into account the various concerns that have been raised in the public domain about the science and safety of fluoride. It would not consider the ethical and philosophical issues that have surrounded fluoridation and influenced legal proceedings lately. The Prime Minister gave his consent for the Office of the PMCSA to be involved and funding was provided by Councils through your office and by the Ministry of Health.We are pleased to advise the report is being delivered on the timetable agreed. ProcessGiven this is inevitably an issue that arouses passions and argument, we summarise in some detail the process used.As this was the first formal scientific review conducted jointly between the Office of PMCSA and the Royal Society a memorandum of understanding for the process was developed and has been followed.The essence of the process was that the PMCSA appointed an experienced literature researcher to undertake the primary research and literature reviews. Following an initial scoping that included an extensive reading of the literature (informal, grey and peer reviewed) on the subject, a draft table of contents was agreed between the PMCSA and the President of the RSNZ. The RSNZ then appointed a panel of appropriate experts across the relevant disciplines that was approved by the PMCSA.A member of civil society with expertise in local body issues, Ms Kerry Prendergast, was invited to be an observer to the panel and to be included in the discussions and drafting to be sure that it met local body needs. The scientific writer then produced an early partial draft of the report that was presented to a meeting of the expert panel, and their input was sought both as to framing and interpretation of the literature. The panel paid particular attention to the claims that fluoride had adverse effects on brain development, on the risks of cancer, musculoskeletal and hormonal disorders -being the major areas where claims about potential harms have been made. Over the following weeks, the panel members joined in an iterative process with the scientific writer to develop the report. In its advanced form all the members of the panel, together with the PMCSA and the President of the RSNZ, agreed via email exchange on the final wording of the report and its executive summary. In this form it was sent out for international peer review by appropriate scientific experts in Australia, UK and Ireland. Following their suggestions (which were minor and did not affect the panel's conclusions), the report and executive summary were returned to the panel for comment. Findings and recommendationsThe report and its executive summary are very clear i...

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“…86 In some parts of the world fluoride is added to domestic water to reduce dental caries. Patients with CKD are more likely to retain fluoride 87 and be at risk of fluorosis. 84…”

Section: Fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Elements in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Davenport

2015

Chronic Renal Disease

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Effects of fluoridation of community water supplies for people with chronic kidney disease

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental rat model for acute tubular injury induced by high water hardness and high water fluoride: efficacy of primary preventive intervention by distilled water administration

Experimental rat model for acute tubular injury induced by high water hardness and high water fluoride: efficacy of primary preventive intervention by distilled water administration

Water fluoridation: It really is this simple

Trace Elements in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

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