Effects of feeding either fresh alfalfa or alfalfa silage on milk fatty acid content in Holstein dairy cows

Whiting, C.M; Mutsvangwa, T.; Walton, J.P.; Cant, J.P.; McBride, B.W.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.11.004

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This indicates an effect of ensiling on rumen biohydrogenation. However, in contrast to what is generally accepted both in vitro (Boufaied et al, 2003b) as well as in vivo (French et al, 2000;Whiting et al, 2004), a lower biohydrogenation with ensiled compared with fresh forages was found in this study. Although, the explanation for this contradiction is not unambiguously clear, it might be linked to the presence in silages and to a lower extent in fresh or wiled forages of bound phenols.…”

Section: Silagescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Influence of damaging and wilting red clover on lipid metabolism during ensiling and in vitro rumen incubation

Ranst¹,

Fievez

Vandewalle³

et al. 2010

Animal

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This paper describes the relationship between protein-bound phenols in red clover, induced by different degrees of damaging before wilting and varying wilting duration, and in silo lipid metabolism. The ultimate effect of these changes on rumen biohydrogenation is the second focus of this paper. For this experiment, red clover, damaged to different degrees (not damaged (ND), crushing or frozen/thawing (FT)) before wilting (4 or 24 h) was ensiled. Different degrees of damaging and wilting duration lead to differences in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, measured as increase in protein-bound phenols. Treatment effects on fatty acid (FA) content and composition, lipid fractions (free FAs, membrane lipids (ML) and neutral fraction) and lipolysis were further studied in the silage. In FT, red clover lipolysis was markedly lower in the first days after ensiling, but this largely disappeared after 60 days of ensiling, regardless of wilting duration. This suggests an inhibition of plant lipases in FT silages. After 60 days of ensiling no differences in lipid fractions could be found between any of the treatments and differences in lipolysis were caused by reduced FA proportions in ML of wilted FT red clover. Fresh, wilted (24 h) after damaging (ND or FT) and ensiled (4 or 60 days; wilted 24 h; ND or FT) red clover were also incubated in rumen fluid to study the biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 and C18:2n-6 in vitro. Silages (both 60 days and to a lower degree 4 days) showed a lower biohydrogenation compared with fresh and wilted forages, regardless of damaging. This suggests that lipids in ensiled red clover were more protected, but this protection was not enhanced by a higher amount of protein-bound phenols in wilted FT compared with ND red clover. The reduction of rumen microbial biohydrogenation with duration of red clover ensiling seems in contrast to what is expected, namely a higher biohydrogenation when a higher amount of FFA is present. This merits further investigation in relation to strategies to activate PPO toward the embedding of lipids in phenol-protein complexes.Keywords: polyphenol oxidase, fatty acid, PUFA, biohydrogenation, lipolysis ImplicationsRed clover polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has the potential to protect lipids against lipolysis in silage and lipolysis and biohydrogenation in the rumen, leading to higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant meat and milk. PPO is a stress-activated enzyme, which is active in red clover. The goal of this paper was to study the effect of PPO activity due to damaging after mowing, measured as an increase in protein-bound phenols, and wilting duration on lipid metabolism in the silage, mainly lipolysis, and lipolysis and biohydrogenation in the rumen.

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Section: Silagescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Influence of damaging and wilting red clover on lipid metabolism during ensiling and in vitro rumen incubation

Ranst¹,

Fievez

Vandewalle³

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…Proportions of myristic and palmitic acids were significantly lower and those of stearic, oleic, linoleic and ALA acids were higher in the milk fat of cows fed fresh lucerne compared with those fed lucerne silage (Whiting et al, 2004).…”

Section: Effects Of Grazing and Green Forage Feedingmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effects of feeding various forages on fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat: A review

Kalač¹,

Samková²

2010

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

153

128

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List of abbreviations ABSTRACT:The nutritional image of bovine milk fat has suffered for years because of the association of saturated fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Thus the alteration of fatty acid composition has been a long-term strategy. Forages, even though containing a relatively low level of lipids, are the cheapest and often the major source of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids in ruminant diets. Recent progress in the research of factors affecting fatty acid content and composition in fresh and preserved forages and the associations between feeding such forages and milk fat profile are reviewed. Milk from cows grazed or fed fresh forage, especially from species-rich grasslands or forage legumes, has a considerably higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and a higher content of nutritionally beneficial trans-fatty acids (e.g. CLA, vaccenic acid) than milk from cows fed silage or hay. Grass and legume silages seem to affect the fatty acid profile more propitiously than maize silage.

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“…During the ensiling process, the degradation or transformation of some fatty acids is possible. In the study conducted by Whiting et al (2004), it was observed that alfalfa silage contained 10 % less n-3 fatty acids, 24 % more n-6 fatty acids and 9 % more C18:0 than fresh alfalfa.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The presence of these odd-numbered fatty acids was observed by Schmutz et al (2014) in grass samples (C15:0, C17:0 and C17:1; 0.17, 0.2, and 0.06 g/100 gr FAME, respectively) and by Whiting et al (2004) for fresh alfalfa as well as alfalfa silage (C15:0; 0.15 and 0.11 g/100 g FAME, respectively). Other sources of these odd-numbered fatty acids are soybean and sunflower cake, which were present in all feed mixtures of the study, which explains their presence in small amounts in yolks of eggs from group A. Alternatively, the synthesis of odd-numbered fatty acids is attributed to microbial activity in the rumen which are then deposited in the meat (Schmutz et al, 2014) or transported to the milk (Wu et al, 1991) after intestinal absorption.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 94%

The effect of chopped, extruded and pelleted alfalfa silage on the egg quality of organic laying hens

Carrasco

Wüstholz

Bellof

2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Effects of feeding either fresh alfalfa or alfalfa silage on milk fatty acid content in Holstein dairy cows

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of damaging and wilting red clover on lipid metabolism during ensiling and in vitro rumen incubation

Influence of damaging and wilting red clover on lipid metabolism during ensiling and in vitro rumen incubation

The effects of feeding various forages on fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat: A review

The effect of chopped, extruded and pelleted alfalfa silage on the egg quality of organic laying hens

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