Effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins with or without yeast cell wall adsorbent on organ weight, serum biochemistry, and immunological parameters of broiler chickens

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the toxicity of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on organ weight, serum biochemistry, and immunological parameters of broiler chickens and to evaluate the efficacy of yeast cell wall adsorbent in preventing mycotoxin-induced adverse effects. In total, 300 one-day-old vaccinated (Marek's disease and infectious bronchitis) Arbor Acres broiler chickens (mixed sex) were randomly divided into 3 treatments (5 repetitions per treatment) and fed basal diet and naturally contaminated diets with or without yeast cell wall adsorbent. Treatments were control, naturally contaminated diet (NCD; aflatoxin, 102.08 mg/kg; zearalenone, 281.92 mg/kg; fumonisin, 5,874.38 mg/kg; deoxynivalenol, 2,038.96 mg/kg), and NCD + 2 g/kg of yeast cell wall adsorbent (NCDD). The test included 2 phases: d 0-21 and d 22-42. At 42 d, broilers fed contaminated diets without yeast cell wall adsorbent had higher (P < 0.05) serum albumin and higher relative weight of liver, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus, and greater splenic mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 at 42 d compared with the control, but lower (P < 0.05) serum globulin at 42 d, IgA at 21 d, relative weight of spleen at 21 d, antibody titers of Newcastle disease at both 28 d and 42 d, and splenic mRNA expression of IFN-γ at 42 d were observed in the NCD treatment compared with control. Dietary addition of yeast cell wall adsorbent in the NCD treatment showed a positive protection effect on the relative weight of the liver and spleen at 21 d, relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus at 42 d, antibody titers of Newcastle disease at both 28 d and 42 d, and splenic mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ at 42 d. It is suggested that feeding a naturally contaminated diet for 42 d might result in a deleterious effect in broiler chickens, and addition of 2 g/kg of yeast cell wall enterosorbent can partly neutralize the detrimental effects of the naturally contaminated feed.

Ammonia concentration and relative humidity in poultry houses affect the immune response of broilers

“…Moreover, in this study, RH had no effect on the relative weight of the spleen; 85% RH decreased the relative weights of the thymus and BF in the third week of exposure. Previous reports also had inconsistent results about the effect of stress on the thymus, spleen, and BF (Quinteiro-Filho et al, 2010Li et al, 2012). Quinteiro-Filho et al (2010) showed that long-term (7 days) heat stress decreased the relative weights of the thymus, spleen, and BF, and Quinteiro-Filho et al (2012) also found that acute (10 h) heat stress had no effect on the relative weights of the same lymphoid organs.…”

Effect of esterified glucomannan on broilers exposed to natural mycotoxin-contaminated diets

“…Reduced relative weight of lymphoid organs may be related to the necrosis and cellular depletion created by mycotoxins (Hoerr et al 1981). Moreover, effects of fusarium-born mycotoxins like DON on liver and bursa of Fabrisius have been previously studied in broilers (Swamy et al 2004;Li et al 2012) and turkeys (Girish et al 2008). In these studies as data showed contradictory results, authors concluded that organ weights might not be a proper indicator of fusarium mycotoxins toxicity and also effect of these toxins on organ weights is species, toxin and dosage dependent (Swamy et al 2004;Li et al 2012).…”

“…Moreover, effects of fusarium-born mycotoxins like DON on liver and bursa of Fabrisius have been previously studied in broilers (Swamy et al 2004;Li et al 2012) and turkeys (Girish et al 2008). In these studies as data showed contradictory results, authors concluded that organ weights might not be a proper indicator of fusarium mycotoxins toxicity and also effect of these toxins on organ weights is species, toxin and dosage dependent (Swamy et al 2004;Li et al 2012). The presented background indicates that the main reason for organ weight variations in this trial might be attributed to aspergillus-born mycotoxins especially aflatoxin.…”

“…In a study, anti-NDV titre was not affected by feeding naturally contaminated diets (12.6 DON and 0.6 mg/kg zearalenone) to fusarium mycotoxins in broiler chickens (Yegani et al 2006). Inversely, Li et al (2012) indicated the reduction in anti-NDV titre of chickens fed diets contaminated with mycotoxins. In accordance with the present study, depressed antibody titres against NDV and IBD virus during the chickens exposure to diets contaminated with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin have been demonstrated (Girish & Devegowda 2006).…”

Effects of feeding naturally contaminated diet with zearalenone, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol with or without yeast cell wall adsorbent on growth, vulva size and organ weights of gilts

“…Although the acute mode of action of YCW is not clear, Raju and Devegowda (2000) hypothesized that mycotoxin molecule might be attached to glucomannan matrix from YCW which prevents toxin absorption from intestinal tract and the subsequent toxin-induced tissue damages. Previous studies in our laboratory indicated that dietary addition of YCW at the level of 0.20% to naturally contaminated diets caused a protective effect on liver and spleen at 21 day of age, relative weight of bursa of fabricius and thymus at 42 day of age, antibody titers of Newcastle disease at both 28 and 42 day of age of broilers (Li et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2014).…”