Effects of exogenous amylolytic or fibrolytic enzymes inclusion on in vitro fermentation of lactating dairy cow diets in a dual-flow continuous-culture system

Vinyard, James R; Ravelo, A.; Sarmikasoglou, E.; Monteiro, H.F.; Arce-Cordero, J.A.; Johnson, Melissa; Agustinho, Bruna Calvo; Lobo, Richard Roberto; Yungmann, M G; Winter, Adam; Gilbertsen, L M; Mills, M N; Soltis, Macey P.; Ghizzi, Lucas G.; Gusmão, Jessica Oliveira; Ferraretto, L.F.; Faciola, A.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22469

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Under the joint influence of these microorganisms, the content of VFA components has changed. Meanwhile, the increased utilisation of CP, EE, and ADF by the rumen leads to the production of more VFA, and the increase in EE disappearance rate also produces more propionate [ 73 , 74 , 75 ], which explains the increase in propionate levels in this study. Overall, the main components of VFA are acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which account for more than 95% of the total VFA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

In Vitro Evaluation of Chito-Oligosaccharides on Disappearance Rate of Nutrients, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Micro-Flora of Beef Cattle

He,

Li,

Gao

et al. 2024

Animals

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The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) meal levels on the nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microflora of beef cattle in vitro. A total of 24 fermentation tanks were randomly divided into four treatments containing 0% COS (CON), 0.02% COS, 0.04% COS, and 0.08% COS for an 8-day experiment period, with each treatment comprising six replicates. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and total gas production were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels. The disappear rates of DM, CP, EE, and ADF were greatest, whereas the total gas production was lowest in the 0.08% COS group. The pH, NH3-N, MCP, the content of propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, valerate, and the A/P were quadratically increased with increasing COS levels, while the A/P were linearly decreased. The pH, MCP, and the content of propionate, and butyrate were highest, whereas the NH3-N and the content of acetate, isobutyrate, valerate, and the A/P were lowest in the 0.08% COS group. Microbiomics analysis showed that the rumen microbial diversity was not altered between the CON and the 0.08% COS group. However, the relative abundance of Methanosphaera, Ruminococcus, Endomicrobium, and Eubacterium groups was increased, and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Dorea and Escherichia-Shigella showed a decrease in the 0.08% COS group. Overall, the 0.08% COS was the most effective among the three addition levels, resulting in an increase in the disappearance rate of in vitro fermented nutrients and improvements in rumen fermentation indexes and microbial communities. This, in turn, led to the maintenance of rumen health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

In Vitro Evaluation of Chito-Oligosaccharides on Disappearance Rate of Nutrients, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Micro-Flora of Beef Cattle

He,

Li,

Gao

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The experiment was carried out in a dual-flow continuous-culture system similar to the one described by Hoover et al (1976) and used in recent studies in our laboratory ( Agustinho et al, 2022 ; Monteiro et al, 2022 ; Vinyard et al, 2023 ). Briefly, ruminal contents were collected from the ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein dairy cows, mixed in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) from each cow, and poured into the eight prewarmed fermenter vessels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of microencapsulated organic acids and pure botanicals as a supplement in lactating dairy cows diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation

Lobo,

Watson,

Vinyard

et al. 2023

Translational Animal Science

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The utilization of microencapsulated organic acids and pure botanicals (mOAPB) is widely used in the monogastric livestock industry as an alternative to antibiotics, in addition, it can also have gut immunomodulatory functions. More recently, an interest in applying those compounds in the ruminant industry has increased, thus we evaluated the effects of mOAPB on ruminal fermentation kinetics and metabolites production in an in vitro dual-flow continuous culture system. For this study, two ruminal cannulated lactating dairy Holstein cows were used as ruminal content donors, and the inoculum was incubated in 8 fermenters arranged in a 4 × 4 latin square design. The basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of a 680 kg Holstein dairy cow producing 45 kg/d of milk and supplemented with increasing levels of mOAPB (0; 0.12; 0.24; or 0.36% of DM) which contained 55.6% hydrogenated and refined palm oil, 25% citric acid, 16.7% sorbic acid, 1.7% thymol, and 1% vanillin. Diet had 16.1 CP, 30.9 NDF, and 32.0 starch, % of DM basis, and fermenters were fed 106 g/d split into 2 feedings. After a 7 d adaptation, samples were collected for 3 d in each period. Samples of the ruminal content from the fermenters were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post-morning feeding for evaluation of the ruminal fermentation kinetics. For the evaluation of the daily production of total metabolites and for the evaluation of nutrient degradability, samples from the effluent containers were collected daily at d 8 to 10. The statistical analysis was conducted using MIXED procedure of SAS and treatment, time, and its interactions were considered as fixed effects and day, Latin square, and fermenter as random effects. To depict the treatment effects, orthogonal contrasts were used (linear and quadratic). The supplementation of mOAPB had no major effects on the ruminal fermentation, metabolite production, and degradability of nutrients. The lack of statistical differences between control and supplemented fermenters indicates effective ruminal protection and minor ruminal effects of the active compounds. This could be attributed to the range of daily variation of pH, which ranged from 5.98 to 6.45. The pH can play a major role in the solubilization of lipid coat. It can be concluded that mOAPB did not affect the ruminal fermentation, metabolite production, and degradability of dietary nutrients using an in vitro rumen simulator.

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“…In contrast, Peters fed a combination of xylanase and dextranase to lactating cows and found no improvement in milk production ( 13 ). And Vinyard exported exogenous enzymes did not improve in vitro ruminal fermentation in the diet of high-producing dairy cows ( 14 ). Although there are many reports on combination enzymes, there are no specific standards or bases for the application of combination enzymes and the amount to be added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the supplementation of exogenous complex non-starch polysaccharidases on the growth performance, rumen fermentation and microflora of fattening sheep

Xue,

Sun,

Guo

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous non-starch polysaccharidases (a mixture of cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase and mannanase) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microflora of sheep. The animal trial was conducted using 36 5-month-old female fattening hybrid sheep (Duolang♂ × Hu♀) who were randomly assigned into four groups comprising nine sheep per treatment: CON, T1, T2, and T3, with 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% NSPases/kg DM of TMR, respectively. This complex enzyme product was screened for optimal ratios based on previous in vitro tests and responded positively to the in vitro fermentation of the TMR. When treated with NSPases, there was a non-linear effect of average daily gain and feed conversion rate, with the greatest improvement observed in the T2 group. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in nutrient intake or apparent digestibility among the NSPase-supplemented groups. In addition, T2 group had a significantly higher acetate to propionate ratio and pH (p < 0.05) than the other groups, and NH3-N and microbial protein concentrations showed a quadratic curve. The results revealed that both immunoglobulins and serum hormones increased linearly with addition (p < 0.05). As the T2 group showed the best growth performance, the CON and T2 groups were subjected to rumen metagenomic analysis. The results showed higher abundance of bacteria and lower abundance of Viruses in the rumen microbiota of the T2 group compared to the CON group. In addition, Uroviricota and Proteobacteria abundance was significantly lower in the T2 group than in the CON group at the phylum level (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the supplementation of high-concentrate rations with NSPases enhance immunity, reduces virus abundance in the rumen, improves rumen health, and promotes rumen fermentation. Our findings provide novel insights for improving growth performance and alleviating inflammatory responses arising from high concentrate feeding patterns in ruminants. However, the biological mechanisms cannot be elucidated by exploring the composition of rumen microbe alone, and further studies are required.

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Effects of exogenous amylolytic or fibrolytic enzymes inclusion on in vitro fermentation of lactating dairy cow diets in a dual-flow continuous-culture system

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

In Vitro Evaluation of Chito-Oligosaccharides on Disappearance Rate of Nutrients, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Micro-Flora of Beef Cattle

In Vitro Evaluation of Chito-Oligosaccharides on Disappearance Rate of Nutrients, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Micro-Flora of Beef Cattle

In vitro evaluation of microencapsulated organic acids and pure botanicals as a supplement in lactating dairy cows diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation

Effect of the supplementation of exogenous complex non-starch polysaccharidases on the growth performance, rumen fermentation and microflora of fattening sheep

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