Effects of electron beam irradiation on inorganic exchanger AMP

Rao, K. L. N.; Mathew, Chithra M.; Deshpande, R.Y.; Jadhav, A.V.; Pande, B.M.; Shukla, J. P.

doi:10.1016/s0969-806x(96)00111-9

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A thorough investigation with respect to the effect of gamma irradiation on the physiochemical properties of AMP and AMP-PAN, and the likely mechanism of this process, is underway and will be published separately in due course. The most profound visible effect we observe following irradiation, however, is a marked colour change (AMP from yellow to green, AMP-PAN from lime green to dark green, as shown in Figure 1), reminiscent of the literature references [18,24,25], and theorised as a result of Mo VI to Mo V reduction [24,25], which is reversible upon immersion in 3 M HNO 3 [25]. Preliminary results suggest a reduction in the porosity of the AMP-PAN composite and a decrease in thermal stability above 120 • C, but this does not affect the material at intended operational temperatures (<100 • C) when sequestering Cs + in spent fuel recycling.…”

Section: Overviewsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…As the AMP-PAN composite is 70% by weight AMP, the resulting capacities are therefore 70% lower than those of AMP. The slight increase in the Cs + capacity of AMP induced by βirradiation reported by Rao et al [24,25] was not observed here.…”

Section: Ion Exchange Performancecontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…While Sebesta et al [18] undertook a preliminary investigation into the effects of γ radiation up to 1 MGy on AMP-PAN, the adsorption conditions used were reminiscent of those found in wastes: low (1 M) acidity and minimal (50 µM) Cs + concentration. The works of Rao et al [24] and later Narasimharao et al [25] explored the effect of up to 200 MGy β − irradiation on AMP with no negative effects on ion exchange performance observed at 2 MGy exposure, but at 100 MGy and above, the effect of radiation severely was found to diminish the desired action of AMP [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Ion Exchange Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites under Spent Fuel Recycling Conditions

et al. 2019

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The caesium radioisotopes 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137Cs are highly problematic medium-lived species produced during nuclear fission, due to their high radioactivity and environmental mobility. While many ion exchange materials can readily isolate Cs+ ions from neutral or basic aqueous solutions, only ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP) functions effectively in acidic conditions, removing caesium even down to trace levels. Composites of AMP in a porous polymeric support such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can be used to selectively remove Cs+ ions from acidic aqueous decontamination liquors as well as other liquid wastes, and are promising for the isolation of Cs+ isotopes in spent fuel reprocessing. While both AMP and PAN have demonstrable acid stability, and PAN has known resistance to gamma radiation, AMP-PAN composites have received only a limited analysis of their physiochemical and ion exchange performance following irradiation. In this publication, we explore the effect of high levels of gamma irradiation on the ion exchange properties of AMP and AMP-PAN as a Cs+-selective adsorbent under spent fuel dissolver liquor concentrations and acidity. We demonstrate no significant reduction in performance with respect to uptake kinetics or capacity upon irradiation, abiding by the same absorption mechanism observed in the established literature.

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Section: Overviewsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Ion Exchange Performancecontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Ion Exchange Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites under Spent Fuel Recycling Conditions

et al. 2019

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“…AMP is a dense, fine powder, often implemented as a porous composite in a polyacrylonitrile matrix (PAN) to facilitate column processing [18,19,23]. While both AMP and PAN are acid-and radiation-resistant, irradiation of both components has been characterised to a greater or lesser extent [24][25][26][27], and a significant volume of literature has studied the ion exchange performance of these compounds following irradiation [18,[27][28][29][30]. The effect of radiation on their physiochemical properties is less well understood [15,23,27]; this is of great importance when considering the practical application of such materials in the nuclear industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Physiochemical Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate–Polyacrylonitrile (AMP–PAN) Composites

et al. 2019

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Managing certain by-products of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as the radioactive isotopes of caesium: 134Cs, 135Cs and 137Cs is challenging due to their environmental mobility and radioactivity. While a great many materials can isolate Cs+ ions from neutral or basic aqueous solutions via ion exchange, few of these, with the exception of ammonium phosphomolybdate (AMP), function effectively in acidic media. The use of AMP, and its porous composite in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for management of Cs radioisotopes in various nuclear wastes have been known for decades and are well studied, yet the effects of radiation on the physiochemical properties of such composites have only received limited attention to date. In a previous publication, we demonstrated that a 100 kGy gamma irradiation dose has negligible effect on the ion exchange performance of AMP and AMP–PAN with respect to capacity or kinetics under the Cs+ concentrations and acidity found in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) recycling. As a continuation of this prior study, in this publication we explore the effects of gamma irradiation on the physiochemical properties of AMP and AMP–PAN using a range of characterisation methods. The effects of the same gamma dose on the oxidation state of Mo in AMP and AMP–PAN, the thermal degradation of both AMP and AMP–PAN, combined with a first study into the high-temperature degradation AMP, are reported. The implications of irradiation, its possible mechanism, the conditions present in SNF recycling, and for the end-of-life disposal or recycling of these materials are also discussed.

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“…AMP is stable towards electron irradiation up to a 2 MGy dose with respect to breakthrough and ion exchange capacity, though there is a change in particle size. 586 A process combining selective liquid^liquid extraction by a crown ether with solid^liquid extraction for removal of strontium traces from acidic waste streams yield a high decontamination factor (250). The ether is radiolytically stable.…”

Section: Nuclear Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

7 Radiation chemistry

Belloni

Delcourt

Houée-Levin⊥

et al. 2000

Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C

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We try in this review to survey advances in all the aspects of Radiation Chemistry (the effects of high energy or ionizing radiation), both basic and applied, made during the period 1995^1999, after the last report issued at the end of 1994. 1 Classically, two main classes of studies are relevant. The ¢rst one includes the primary phenomena induced by the interaction of high-energy radiation with a chemical system. The way the energy is spatially deposited is indeed highly nonhomogeneous and depends on the type of radiation considered. Mutual reactions between the primary species produced also depend on their initial spatial distribution, and therefore on the energy absorption pattern. The kinetic aspects derive directly from the initial events following radiation absorption and thus, when observed at times as short as possible, give useful information on the early energy distribution for each of the radiation types, X-and g-photons, electrons and heavy particles, and, on the in£uence of their intensity and energy per particle.The second class of studies utilizes the background knowledge of radiation chemistry to generate and then to observe the fate of chemical transient species known to be involved in very important chemical or biochemical processes. Numerous data, such as the nature of reaction products, the absolute rate constants, the sequence of elementary reactions constituting a mechanism, and the thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of short-lived species have been attained. This kind of study of transients and reaction mechanisms, which can be approached only by pulse techniques (essentially pulse radiolysis or laser photolysis, each with its speci¢c advantages), constitutes the new ¢eld of fast to ultrafast chemistry. It concerns extended domains of physical, organic, inorganic, and bio-chemistry. Moreover, the understanding of mechanisms is quite helpful in suggesting new ways of synthesis or degradation induced by irradiation and is now extensively used in developing various speci¢c processes in applied chemistry. The number of studies on the chemical mechanisms and in applied radiation chemistry constitutes an increased fraction of the total publications in radiation chemistry, which we estimate to be around 4000 over the period considered (almost constant compared to the preceding 5-year

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Effects of electron beam irradiation on inorganic exchanger AMP

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Ion Exchange Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites under Spent Fuel Recycling Conditions

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Ion Exchange Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate-Polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) Composites under Spent Fuel Recycling Conditions

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Physiochemical Properties of Caesium-Selective Ammonium Phosphomolybdate–Polyacrylonitrile (AMP–PAN) Composites

7 Radiation chemistry

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