Effects of divalent metals on the isolated rat glomerulus

Over-expression of human endosulfatase-1 exacerbates cadmium-induced injury to transformed human lung cells in vitro

“…Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), components of proteoglycans, were also found to limit the in vitro oxidative injury to skin fibroblasts caused by iron (Campo et al ., 2005). More importantly, metals which utilize reduced sulfur as a ligand, such as cadmium and mercury, were found to be more toxic than others to cells, and they inhibit the incorporation of sulfate into HSPGs (Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). Based on these collective observations, we hypothesized that HSPGs, especially because of their high degree of sulfation, function as a barrier capable of protecting cells from metals such as cadmium and that modification of the sulfation patterns of HSPGs has the potential to change their biological activities and influence protection/injury.…”

“…However, the potential protective roles of HSPGs against metal toxicity and the possible mechanisms involved are less well understood. Studies have demonstrated that injuries caused by metals such as zinc, barium, and mercury were related to the sulfation status of HSPGs and that sulfation of proteoglycans was decreased in response to treatment with these metals (Purdey, 2004; Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). In the current study, it was proposed that the alteration of sulfate moieties would affect cellular injury induced by cadmium, and HSulf-1, an enzyme that hydrolyzes 6-O-sulfate groups, was used to modify the sulfation levels and characteristics of relevant HSPGs.…”

Over-expression of human endosulfatase-1 exacerbates cadmium-induced injury to transformed human lung cells in vitro

“…Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), components of proteoglycans, were also found to limit the in vitro oxidative injury to skin fibroblasts caused by iron (Campo et al ., 2005). More importantly, metals which utilize reduced sulfur as a ligand, such as cadmium and mercury, were found to be more toxic than others to cells, and they inhibit the incorporation of sulfate into HSPGs (Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). Based on these collective observations, we hypothesized that HSPGs, especially because of their high degree of sulfation, function as a barrier capable of protecting cells from metals such as cadmium and that modification of the sulfation patterns of HSPGs has the potential to change their biological activities and influence protection/injury.…”

“…However, the potential protective roles of HSPGs against metal toxicity and the possible mechanisms involved are less well understood. Studies have demonstrated that injuries caused by metals such as zinc, barium, and mercury were related to the sulfation status of HSPGs and that sulfation of proteoglycans was decreased in response to treatment with these metals (Purdey, 2004; Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). In the current study, it was proposed that the alteration of sulfate moieties would affect cellular injury induced by cadmium, and HSulf-1, an enzyme that hydrolyzes 6-O-sulfate groups, was used to modify the sulfation levels and characteristics of relevant HSPGs.…”

Heme oxygenase-1 mediated protective effect of methyl gallate on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse mesangial cells

“…Renal glomeruli are also exposed to circulating toxic metal elements during plasma filtration, and therefore, glomeruli may also be targets of cadmium toxicity 7,8 . Especially the mesangial cell of the glomerulus is exposed directly to plasma and it changes structural matrix of the mesangium, which alters glomerular filtration process 9 .…”

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

“…Mercury also has an adverse effect on sulfate recycling in the glomeruli, leading to a net loss of sulfate via the urine. A noticeable reduction in the production of dermatan sulfate is associated with mercury exposure, via an effect on the mesangial cells [84]. Thus, mercury would be expected to either build up to toxic levels or further reduce sulfate bioavailability in the child with autism.…”

Over-expression of human endosulfatase-1 exacerbates cadmium-induced injury to transformed human lung cells in vitro

“…Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), components of proteoglycans, were also found to limit the in vitro oxidative injury to skin fibroblasts caused by iron (Campo et al ., 2005). More importantly, metals which utilize reduced sulfur as a ligand, such as cadmium and mercury, were found to be more toxic than others to cells, and they inhibit the incorporation of sulfate into HSPGs (Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). Based on these collective observations, we hypothesized that HSPGs, especially because of their high degree of sulfation, function as a barrier capable of protecting cells from metals such as cadmium and that modification of the sulfation patterns of HSPGs has the potential to change their biological activities and influence protection/injury.…”

“…However, the potential protective roles of HSPGs against metal toxicity and the possible mechanisms involved are less well understood. Studies have demonstrated that injuries caused by metals such as zinc, barium, and mercury were related to the sulfation status of HSPGs and that sulfation of proteoglycans was decreased in response to treatment with these metals (Purdey, 2004; Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). In the current study, it was proposed that the alteration of sulfate moieties would affect cellular injury induced by cadmium, and HSulf-1, an enzyme that hydrolyzes 6-O-sulfate groups, was used to modify the sulfation levels and characteristics of relevant HSPGs.…”

Heme oxygenase-1 mediated protective effect of methyl gallate on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse mesangial cells

“…Renal glomeruli are also exposed to circulating toxic metal elements during plasma filtration, and therefore, glomeruli may also be targets of cadmium toxicity 7,8 . Especially the mesangial cell of the glomerulus is exposed directly to plasma and it changes structural matrix of the mesangium, which alters glomerular filtration process 9 .…”

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

“…Mercury also has an adverse effect on sulfate recycling in the glomeruli, leading to a net loss of sulfate via the urine. A noticeable reduction in the production of dermatan sulfate is associated with mercury exposure, via an effect on the mesangial cells [84]. Thus, mercury would be expected to either build up to toxic levels or further reduce sulfate bioavailability in the child with autism.…”

Over-expression of human endosulfatase-1 exacerbates cadmium-induced injury to transformed human lung cells in vitro

“…Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), components of proteoglycans, were also found to limit the in vitro oxidative injury to skin fibroblasts caused by iron (Campo et al ., 2005). More importantly, metals which utilize reduced sulfur as a ligand, such as cadmium and mercury, were found to be more toxic than others to cells, and they inhibit the incorporation of sulfate into HSPGs (Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). Based on these collective observations, we hypothesized that HSPGs, especially because of their high degree of sulfation, function as a barrier capable of protecting cells from metals such as cadmium and that modification of the sulfation patterns of HSPGs has the potential to change their biological activities and influence protection/injury.…”

“…However, the potential protective roles of HSPGs against metal toxicity and the possible mechanisms involved are less well understood. Studies have demonstrated that injuries caused by metals such as zinc, barium, and mercury were related to the sulfation status of HSPGs and that sulfation of proteoglycans was decreased in response to treatment with these metals (Purdey, 2004; Templeton and Chaitu, 1990). In the current study, it was proposed that the alteration of sulfate moieties would affect cellular injury induced by cadmium, and HSulf-1, an enzyme that hydrolyzes 6-O-sulfate groups, was used to modify the sulfation levels and characteristics of relevant HSPGs.…”

Heme oxygenase-1 mediated protective effect of methyl gallate on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse mesangial cells

“…Renal glomeruli are also exposed to circulating toxic metal elements during plasma filtration, and therefore, glomeruli may also be targets of cadmium toxicity 7,8 . Especially the mesangial cell of the glomerulus is exposed directly to plasma and it changes structural matrix of the mesangium, which alters glomerular filtration process 9 .…”

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

“…Mercury also has an adverse effect on sulfate recycling in the glomeruli, leading to a net loss of sulfate via the urine. A noticeable reduction in the production of dermatan sulfate is associated with mercury exposure, via an effect on the mesangial cells [84]. Thus, mercury would be expected to either build up to toxic levels or further reduce sulfate bioavailability in the child with autism.…”