Effects of different ratios of crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates on growth, metabolism, physiology, nutrient utilization and muscle cellularity of Lophiosilurus alexandri, a carnivorous freshwater fish

Apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients and energy from diets with different ratios of crude protein and non‐fibrous carbohydrates for Lophiosilurus alexandri , a carnivorous freshwater fish

“…However, especially for carnivorous fish species, lipids as energy nutrients were used more efficiently and more tolerated than carbohydrates (Chen et al, 2020; Zhao et al, 2020). Therefore, according to our results, it is possible to infer that the best performance results observed by Oliveira‐Júnior et al (2021) are linked to improved digestibility and utilization of dietary lipids and energy.…”

“…These results are probably related to the fact that diets containing high levels of NFC's (Leenhouwers et al, 2006; Sinha et al, 2011) or raw starch (Amirkolaie et al, 2006) increasing the viscosity of the digesta, make it difficult to enzymatic diffusion and substrate digestion. For juveniles of L. alexandri weighing 30.89 ± 0.29 g, diets containing CP/NFC ratios between 1.11 and 1.33 promoted better growth performance results and interfered with some plasma and metabolic variables, such as total cholesterol, non‐HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which indicates an improvement in the physiological state of the animals (Oliveira‐Júnior et al, 2021). Lipids and non‐structural carbohydrates can be used to replace protein in fish diets, promoting a protein‐sparing effect, optimizing growth, the cost of diets and reducing ammonia excretion by fish (Li et al, 2019; Mahanama et al, 2021; Pérez‐Jiménez et al, 2015).…”

“…Thus, this fish species is of great interest to aquaculture (Barros et al, 2007;Meurer et al, 2010;Melillo-Filho et al, 2021). Oliveira-Júnior et al (2021) demonstrated that diets containing CP/NFC ratios between 1.11 and 1.33 improve growth performance and muscle hypertrophy of L. alexandri juveniles. However, there are still no studies evaluating how the CP/NFC ratio can influence the digestibility of dietary nutrients and energy.…”

New insights into the influence of myo-inositol on carbohydrate metabolism during osmoregulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…In addition, high carbohydrate feed could also provide the extra energy required by euryhaline fish for the osmoregulation ( Kumkhong et al., 2021 ; Xu et al., 2017 ). Nevertheless, a high carbohydrate feed often caused hyperglycemia and would lead to a huge accumulation of liver glycogen which would impair the function of liver in fish ( Oliveira-Júnior et al., 2021 ; Rodrigues et al., 2018 ; Sousa et al., 2020 ). Relevant studies showed that liver glycogen is preferentially decomposed and utilized when fish are under osmotic stress ( Guo et al., 2020 ; Islam et al., 2020 ).…”

Muscle Nutritive Metabolism Changes after Dietary Fishmeal Replaced by Cottonseed Meal in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

“…Previous studies demonstrated that alternative proteins replace fishmeal (FM) disturbed muscle nutrient metabolism and further resulted in the muscle growth restriction considered as an important limiting factor affecting substitution efficiency [ 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, the main goal of the aquaculture was to improve feed utilization, which in turn efficiently promoted muscle deposition [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, muscle nutrient deposition was the important indicator to assess the efficiency of alternative protein sources in substituting FM.…”