Effects of dietary l-carnitine level on growth performance, immune responses and stress resistance of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823

Effect of dietaryl‐carnitine on growth performance and antioxidant response in Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskiiDybowskii)

“…Their results showed that the optimum level of LC supplementation is 400 mg/kg (Becker & Focken, ; Focken, Becker, & Lawrence, ). In addition, Safari et al () reported that the best values of final weight and SGR and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in the juvenile crayfish fed the diet with 650 mg/kg LC. Moreover, Torreele, Van Der Sluizen, and Verreth () reported that 500 mg/kg was a suitable level of LC for African catfish.…”

“…Liver SOD and GPx activities of fish fed 350 and 650 mg/kg LC diets were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Safari et al () reported that 650–950 mg/kg LC could improve the activities of SOD and GPx when the juvenile crayfish was exposed in air for 12 hr. Our results also suggested that LC could inhibit the MDA levels in the serum and hepatopancreas, which obviously facilitates the antioxidant enzyme activities of Amur minnow within the range of 400–750 mg/kg, including T‐SOD, CAT, GPx and γ‐GCS.…”

“…The molecular mechanisms accounting for the powerful antioxidant effect of LC are not yet fully understood, it could be concluded that the antioxidant action of LC is related in several ways, including scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS generation and boosting the function of the antioxidant system via activation of Nrf2 (Golzar Adabi et al, ; Safari et al, ; Wang et al, ). Gülçin () confirmed that LC could directly scavenge 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·), superoxide anion radical (O 2 ·), and H 2 O 2 , as well as inhibit the ROS generation by chelate ferrous ions in vitro.…”

“…Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated (Table ). Diets were supplemented with five carnitine levels: control level (0 mg/kg) and treatment levels (50, 400, 750 or 1,100 mg/kg) in replacement of microcrystalline cellulose (Safari, Atash, & Paolucci, ). In the preparation of experimental diets, feed stuffs were ground and passed through a 60‐mesh screen (Zhou et al, ).…”

1H-NMR metabolomic profiling of the crayfishAstacus leptodactylussubjected to polyphenol-enriched diets

“…The improvement in commercial astacid species culture is related to novel feed formulation to optimize crayfish growth performance. L‐carnitine (Safari, Atash, & Paolucci, ) and dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and fructanoligosaccharide (FOS) (Safari, Shahsavani, Paolucci, & Atash, ) or nucleotides (Safari, Shahsavani, Paolucci, & Atash, ) exerted positive effects on the growth performance in A. leptodactylus . The development of practical diets for A. leptodactylus in intensive culture reveals that crayfish have the capacity to successfully utilize nutrients from a broad range of dietary ingredients and, in particular, plant matter (Safari, Shahsavani, Paolucci, & Atash, ).…”