Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on calf performance, metabolic hormones, oxidative status, and susceptibility to diarrhea and pneumonia

Mousavi, F.; Dehkordi, Saeid Karimi; Kargar, S.; Khosravi-Bakhtiari, M.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.004

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The calves were weighed at birth, on d 3, and once weekly thereafter using an electronic scale, which was calibrated by the manufacturer's agent before initiation of the study and every month thereafter. Chromium supplementation was adjusted based on weekly BW Mousavi et al, 2019b). To measure Cr content in basal starter feeds (n = 13/ basal starter feed; 1 sample/wk) and individual refusals (n = 13/calf; pooled by calf within treatment every week), representative subsamples were ground to pass a 1-mm screen in a Wiley mill (Ogawa Seiki Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), prepared according to Mousavi et al (2019b), and analyzed for Cr content (flame photometer; GBC Integra EXL ICP, Melbourne, Australia).…”

Section: Environment Calves Treatments and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromium supplementation was adjusted based on weekly BW Mousavi et al, 2019b). To measure Cr content in basal starter feeds (n = 13/ basal starter feed; 1 sample/wk) and individual refusals (n = 13/calf; pooled by calf within treatment every week), representative subsamples were ground to pass a 1-mm screen in a Wiley mill (Ogawa Seiki Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), prepared according to Mousavi et al (2019b), and analyzed for Cr content (flame photometer; GBC Integra EXL ICP, Melbourne, Australia). Glasswares were acid washed to avoid sample contamination, and a blank was run with the samples to test for possible contamination.…”

Section: Environment Calves Treatments and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplemental Cr decreased the chance of having pneumonia and days with pneumonia. This can be related to the higher total DMI (+140 g/d; data reported in a companion study by or lower RR (−6 breaths/min) in Cr-supplemented calves compared with nonsupplemented calves (Mowat et al, 1993;Mousavi et al, 2019b). Mowat et al (1993) reported lower susceptibility to diseases and better response to antibiotic therapy when stressed feeder calves received organic sources of Cr.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…Trivalent Cr is a component of chromodulin, a lowmolecular-weight Cr-binding substance contributing to signal autoamplification mechanism of insulin, thereby influencing the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids (Pechova and Pavlata, 2007). The reported signs of Cr deficiency include impaired nutrient metabolism, lower sensitivity of the peripheral tissues to insulin, compromised immunity, and decreased weight gain and health status, specifically under stressful conditions (Kargar et al, 2018a,b;Mousavi et al, 2019b). A 10-to 300-fold increase in urinary excretion of Cr was suggested in animals exposed to stress or fed diets rich in carbohydrates (Pechova and Pavlata, 2007), implying the need for supplementation of the diet with exogenous Cr (Kargar et al, 2018a(Kargar et al, ,b, 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mowat et al (1993) reported lower susceptibility to diseases and better response to antibiotic therapy when stressed feeder calves received organic sources of Cr. Mousavi et al (2019b) reported that supplementing Cr (as Cr-Met at 0.05 mg/kg of BW 0.75 ) to environmentally heat-stressed dairy calves decreased the number of days with pneumonia (−0.92 d) after weaning. Lower fecal score was reported earlier when Cr was fed to dairy calves (Ghorbani et al, 2012;Mousavi et al, 2019a).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Grain source and chromium supplementation: Effects on health, metabolic status, and glucose-insulin kinetics in Holstein heifer calves

Habibi

Dehkordi

Kargar

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Carbohydrate-rich diets may increase urinary excretion of chromium (Cr) and the need to supplement the diet with Cr to meet animal requirements. The present study was performed to examine the effect of the type of grain (corn vs. barley) and Cr-methionine supplementation on health-related variables, blood levels of metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in Holstein calves. Forty-eight newborn heifers (3 d of age) were assigned randomly to 4 diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Experimental diets were either corn-based (CBD) or barley-based (BBD) diets supplemented with 0 or 0.05 mg/kg of metabolic body weight. Chromium was provided in milk before weaning (d 3-73 of age) and in prewarmed water after weaning (d 74-94 of age). There was no interaction between the type of grain and Cr on the health-related variables and blood metabolites and hormones. Type of grain did not affect fecal score, respiration rate, and rectal temperature; however, there were tendencies for higher diarrhea occurrence (odds ratio = 1.69) and lower chance of having pneumonia (odds ratio = 0.49) in calves fed BBD versus CBD despite longer duration of diarrhea (0.54 d) and shorter days with pneumonia (0.63 d) in calves fed BBD. Calves supplemented with Cr had lower fecal score during the preweaning and overall periods and respiration rate throughout the study. Supplemental Cr decreased the duration (0.63 d) and chance of having pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.01). Calves fed BBD had lower blood levels of urea N during the postweaning period, with no changes in other blood variables between CBD and BBD. Tendencies were detected for lower blood levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid during the preweaning and overall periods and higher cortisol in Cr-supplemented calves. Chromium supplementation increased insulin clearance rate and decreased the time to half-maximal concentration and the area under the curve in BBD but not CBD calves. The calves were generally healthy, and the type of grain did not affect the health and blood variables related to energy metabolism. However, Cr supplementation increased fecal consistency, decreased respiration rate and days with pneumonia, and increased insulin sensitivity when added to BBD.

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Section: Environment Calves Treatments and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environment Calves Treatments and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%