Effects of diet supplementation with clove and rosemary essential oils and protected oils (eugenol, thymol and vanillin) on animal performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ingestive behavior activities for Nellore heifers finished in feedlot

Souza, Kennyson Alves de; Monteschio, Jéssica de Oliveira; Mottin, Camila; Ramos, Tatiane Rogélio; Pinto, Laura Adriane de Moraes; Eiras, Carlos Emanuel; Guerrero, Ana; Prado, Ivanor Nunes do

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.026

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In a recent study by Al-Saht et al [ 61 ], using a blend of thymol and cinnamaldehyde, no effects on the rumen parameters and protozoa number were observed. Recently, De Souza et al [ 9 ] reported that the in situ digestibility values of DM, crude protein, and NDF were similar in heifers fed diets without or with a protected blend (4 g/animal/d) of essential oils (eugenol, thymol, and vanillin). The results of these studies are highly variable and dependent on various factors, such as the type of EO used in the blend, the rumen microbial community, pH, and the length of adaptation period to these EOs by the rumen bacteria [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, an in vivo study [ 8 ] demonstrated that the use of a blend of EOs (CRINA ® Ruminants), alone or combined with enzymes (amylases), can be an alternative to ionophore antibiotics to improve ruminal fermentation and the milk yield and quality of dairy cows. Similarly, positive results were obtained [ 9 ] using EOs (a blend of thymol, eugenol, and vanillin) as a potential substitute for antibiotics to improve cattle performance during the finishing phase. Among the various EOs studied, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and eugenol are the most commonly used in animal feeds because of their well-reported antimicrobial properties [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses were observed in lambs supplemented with a blend based on microencapsulated carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde [ 31 ]. The immune-enhancing and antifungal properties of cinnamaldehyde and thymol also have been recently reported [ 9 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing properties of a vast variety of EOs, their volatile nature poses hindrance to their use in animal feeds [ 9 , 31 , 33 ]. The majority of the cinnamaldehyde fed to the animals fails to reach the lower gut due to rumen microbial degradation or rapid absorption, particularly from the stomach and proximal duodenum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free and Microencapsulated Essential Oils Incubated In Vitro: Ruminal Stability and Fermentation Parameters

Amin

Tagliapietra

Arango

et al. 2021

Animals

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Essential oils (EOs) are generally considered as an alternative to antibiotics because of their antimicrobial properties. Despite their vast variety, their volatile nature poses hindrance on their use in animal feeds, which demands a high degree of stability. This study aimed at testing the susceptibility of three EOs (mixtures of EOs based on cinnamaldehyde, named Olistat-Cyn, Olistat-G, and Olistat-P) in two forms (free: fEOs; and microencapsulated: mEOs) to in vitro ruminal degradation using the Ankom DaisyII technique. The microencapsulation was made using a matrix based on vegetable hydrogenated fatty acids. Compared to the fEOs, which were completely degraded within 48 h of in vitro incubation, the mEOs showed a low ruminal disappearance. In comparison to the fermentation profile at 0 h, Olistat-G significantly decreased the pH and the total protozoa number after 48 h, while the total VFAs increased. However, the other EOs (Olistat-Cyn and Olistat-P) had no effect on the rumen fermentation parameters. In conclusion, the protection of EOs from ruminal degradation by microencapsulation was found to be very effective to ensure rumen by-pass. Among the EOs, Olistat-G was capable of changing rumen fermentation, potentially reducing methane emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free and Microencapsulated Essential Oils Incubated In Vitro: Ruminal Stability and Fermentation Parameters

Amin

Tagliapietra

Arango

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…In the current study, the digestibility of DM and OM was greatly decreased by 400 mg/L thymol addition, which might indicate an inhibitory effect of a high dose of thymol on rumen nutrient digestion; this adverse effect was reported earlier by Cobellis et al [ 9 ]. Nevertheless, Vendramini et al [ 47 ] found no effect of an EO blend containing thymol on rumen DM digestibility when fed to lactating dairy cows, and an increase in DM apparent digestibility was reported by de Souza et al [ 48 ] after feeding heifers with an EO blend. These inconsistent results could be attributed to different conditions such as animal species and the composition of the EO applied in the different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.

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Carcass characteristics and meat evaluation of cattle finished in temperate pasture and supplemented with natural additive containing clove, cashew oil, castor oils, and a microencapsulated blend of eugenol, thymol, and vanillin

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: Forty crossbred steers were supplemented with different doses (from 0 control to 6000 mg/animal/day) of natural additive blend containing clove essential oil, cashew oil, castor oil, and a microencapsulated blend of eugenol, thymol, and vanillin for 80 days. Carcass characteristics, drip loss, and antioxidant activity were evaluated 24 h post mortem on longissimus thoracis, and the effects of aging (until 14 days) were evaluated for water losses (thawing/aging and cooking), texture, color, and lipid oxidation.RESULTS: The use of the natural additive blend did not modify (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics but did, however, modify body composition (P < 0.05). Drip losses were unaffected by the treatments tested (P > 0.05). There was an observed quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on losses from thawing/aging on the first day of storage. Regarding the effects of natural additives on cooking losses, there was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) among the treatments on day 7 of aging. Differences between days of aging were only observed with control treatment. Shear force was similar among treatments on days 1 and 7 of aging. On day 14 a linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed. Also, a linear effect (P < 0.05) appeared on meat lightness, meat from the control group being clearer on day 1. No changes were observed in redness among treatments or days of storage (P > 0.05). Yellowness was not modified by the treatments (P > 0.05)but only by the days of storage in control and the lowest dosage used.CONCLUSION: The blend of natural additives has potential use in pasture feeding and could improve meat quality. However, doses should be adjusted.

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Effects of diet supplementation with clove and rosemary essential oils and protected oils (eugenol, thymol and vanillin) on animal performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ingestive behavior activities for Nellore heifers finished in feedlot

Abstract: do Prado , Effects of diet supplementation with clove and rosemary essential oils and protected oils (eugenol, thymol and vanillin) on animal performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ingestive behavior activities for Nellore heifers finished in feedlot,

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Free and Microencapsulated Essential Oils Incubated In Vitro: Ruminal Stability and Fermentation Parameters

Free and Microencapsulated Essential Oils Incubated In Vitro: Ruminal Stability and Fermentation Parameters

Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

Carcass characteristics and meat evaluation of cattle finished in temperate pasture and supplemented with natural additive containing clove, cashew oil, castor oils, and a microencapsulated blend of eugenol, thymol, and vanillin

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