Effects of dairy intake on weight maintenance

Abstract

Background: To compare the effects of low versus recommended levels of dairy intake on weight maintenance and body composition subsequent to weight loss.

Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

“…; therefore, we did not include them in metaanalysis. 35,41 For five studies 27,30--32,34 included in meta-analysis, participants' age ranged between 18 and 85 years. Duration of intervention varied between 21 and 48 weeks.…”

“…We found that two papers, 33,41 which administered energy restriction, had confined the energy intake into a defined certain value in both intervention and control groups, whereas other studies restricted the energy intake of participants to the amount of 500 kcal less than their computed daily energy requirement. Because restriction of energy to fixed values can directly affect weight change, 33,41 we preferred not to include the results of these two studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis; however, findings from the maintenance phase of study done by Zemel et al 41 were included in our systematic review. Besides restriction of energy intake to a fixed value, these two studies had some other distinct features.…”

“…The study by Bowen et al 33 compared a high-dairy diet with a high-protein diet, whereas those we included in the meta-analysis used a high-dairy diet versus diets with the same amount of protein. Another RCT done by Zemel et al 41 was a two-phase RCT that had 3 months of energy restriction to 1200--1500 kcal per day and a 6-month maintenance phase. Zemel et al 41 in their study had an intervention on physical activity, and they could not practically raise total intake of dairy and calcium (dairy consumption in intervention group: 1.2 servings per day versus 1.1 servings per day for controls).…”

“…Another RCT done by Zemel et al 41 was a two-phase RCT that had 3 months of energy restriction to 1200--1500 kcal per day and a 6-month maintenance phase. Zemel et al 41 in their study had an intervention on physical activity, and they could not practically raise total intake of dairy and calcium (dairy consumption in intervention group: 1.2 servings per day versus 1.1 servings per day for controls). Therefore, we excluded these two papers from the meta-analysis.…”

Total body bone mineral content and density during weight loss and maintenance on a low- or recommended-dairy weight-maintenance diet in obese men and women

“…This study was part of a larger randomized, clinical trial that evaluated the effects of moderate weight loss and subsequent weight stabilization on either a low-or recommended-dairy weight-maintenance diet on body weight, body composition and metabolic fitness (Zemel et al, 2008). All participants were prescribed a reduced energy diet designed to result in, at least, a 10% reduction in initial body weight during the 12-week weight-loss phase of the study.…”