Effects of Daily Consumption of Synbiotic Bread on Insulin Metabolism and Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein among Diabetic Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of synbiotic bread on the metabolic status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was performed in 81 diabetic patients. The subjects were randomly assigned to consumption of synbiotic (n = 27), probiotic (n = 27), or control bread (n = 27) for 8 weeks 3 times a day in a 40-gram package. The synbiotic bread contained Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10⁸ CFU) and 0.07 g inulin per 1 g. The probiotic bread contained L. sporogenes (1 × 10⁸ CFU per 1 g). Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after an 8-week intervention for quantification of related factors. Results: Consumption of the synbiotic bread resulted in a significant reduction in serum insulin levels (-3.2 ± 5.4 vs. -0.3 ± 3.4 and 0.6 ± 4.7 µIU/ml, respectively, p = 0.007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance scores (-1.5 ± 2.7 vs. -0.2 ± 1.6 and 0.4 ± 3.5, respectively, p = 0.03), and homeostatic model assessment-β-cell function (-7.2 ± 16.3 vs. -0.7 ± 10.8 and 0.7 ± 8.2, respectively, p = 0.04) compared to the probiotic and control breads. We did not find any significant effect of synbiotic bread consumption on fasting plasma glucose, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, or serum hs-CRP levels compared to other breads. Conclusion: Consumption of the synbiotic bread among diabetic patients had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism.

Effects of probiotics on type II diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

“…The majority of the publications were excluded because they were irrelevant studies, case reports, or reviews. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 publications (14 in English and 1 in Chinese) with a total of 902 patients were finally included [12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. A flow chart showing the workflow for identifying and screening studies is presented in Fig.…”

Effect of symbiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles and microalbuminuria in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial

“…Tajadadi-Ebrahimi et al showed that the consumption of symbiotic bread for 8 weeks had advantageous effects on insulin metabolism among patients with diabetes [21]. In another double-blind, clinical trial that was done by Akram Kooshki et al about the effect of symbiotics on inflammatory markers on patients with T2DM, has expressed consumption of symbiotic once a day for 8 weeks may decreased serum hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration, which are risk factors for CVD diseases [31].…”

“…The good affects of symbiotics on insulin metabolism and inflammatory markers could be interceded by the manufacture of short chain fatty acids, modulation of the intestinal microbiota composition, and reduced expression of inflammation-linked genes. Tajadadi et al showed that the consumption of symbiotic food had advantageous effects on insulin metabolism among patients with diabetes [21]. …”

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

“…The effects of the synbiotic relationship on human health have been addressed in several studies, most aimed at evaluating the effects of synbiotic products on the metabolic status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (Tajadadi-Ebrahimi et al 2014). Other studies focused on healthrelated quality of life and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (Šmid et al 2016), weight loss and maintenance in obese patients (Sanchez et al 2014), and glucose metabolism and gut microbiome (Liu et al 2017).…”