Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel

Alizadeh, Ali; Shafyei, A.; Golozar, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2008.11.016

Cited by 188 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These cores in tempering after cryogenic treatment lead to the formation of very fine (nanometer-sized) carbides. The increase in volume fraction of these deposits is indicative of local penetration of carbon atoms [5][6][12][13]. Huang et al [5] studied M2 high speed steel and showed that in deep cryogenic treatment, the volume fraction of carbides is doubled and a better distribution of carbides is provided.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huang et al [5] believe that deep cryogenic treatment not only leads to the formation of very fine carbides and increases the volume fraction of carbides, but also creates a very uniform distribution of carbides in the matrix. In another study by Akhbari Zadeh et al [6] on steel D6, hardness was increased in deep cryogenic treatment by 3.2% compared to conventional heat treatment, and the wear behaviour showed a 40% improvement compared to non-cryogenic treatment. Amini et al [7], the suggested that increase in the percentage of carbide and appropriate distribution of carbides in cryogenic treatment was demonstrated in comparison with conventional heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-0.35C-6.3Cr MARTENSITIC STEEL

Sehri

Ghayour

Amini

et al. 2018

Acta Metall Slovaca

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The study is conducted to determine the effect of quenching and tempering processes on microstructural evolutions and abrasive properties of medium carbon-high chromium steel. For this purpose, Austenitizing was performed at the temperatures of 1000 °C for 15 min followed by oil quenching. To determine the optimum tempering temperature, tempering temperatures were selected in the temperature ranges of 350-550°C. The samples cryogenically treated immediately after quenching in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) for 24 hrs. Dry sand/rubber wheel test was used to evaluate the wear resistance properties. Microstructural observation, fractography and retain austenite was evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the best wear resistance can be obtained at the tempering temperature of 500°C, due to the reduction of a tendency to micro-cracking, decrease in internal stresses and improvement of impact energy. Observation of the worn surfaces revealed that the wear mechanisms after tempering at 450°C are a combination of abrasive, adhesive and fatigue wear. However, abrasive wear is the only active wear mechanism for specimen tempered at 500°C. In addition, wear resistance of deep cryogenically treated sample was significantly increased (about 25%) by the removal of retained austenite and formation of uniform fine carbides distribution in the matrix.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-0.35C-6.3Cr MARTENSITIC STEEL

Sehri

Ghayour

Amini

et al. 2018

Acta Metall Slovaca

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show abstract

“…The carbides obtained in this study exhibited a hardness range from 1000 to 2000 HV. Usually for all the carbides, shear stress by abrasive particles results in direct tearing of the material attested by the presence of pits [18,19].…”

Section: B Wear Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Performances of hybrid high-entropy high-Cr cast irons during sliding wear and air-jet solid-particle erosion

Wang

Parent

et al. 2013

Wear

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“…Cryogenic treatment improves wear resistance, hardness, toughness, resistance to fatigue cracking, microstructure of metal (retained austenite to marten site), dimensional stability and decreases residual stresses. Cryogenic treatment gives machining, grinding and polishing finish due to little soft austenite [6]. In this direction, the present experiment was carried out to assess the enhancement in the mechanical properties of HSS tool and the compositional analysis by XRD analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Processing of HSS M2: Mechanical Properties and XRD Analysis

Sharma

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to reveal the changes in properties of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) processed high speed steel, in comparison to conventional heat treatment for secondary hardness. Tool properties were assessed in terms of hardness, and tensile strength. Statistically significant enhancement in the mechanical properties was observed. Cryogenic processing of HSS tool steel eliminated the retained austenite, and hence increased the hardness of the material. This treatment initiated nucleation sites for precipitation of large numbers of very fine carbide particles.Tensile values for cryogenically treated HSS samples can be attributed to the fact that the tool becomes more brittle after the treatment. XRD analysis illustrated the contraction in lattice of martensite and austenite. Deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. The superior performance of cryogenically treated HSS can be attributed to the transformation of almost all retained austenite into martensite, a harder structure and precipitation of fine and hard carbides.

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Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel

Cited by 188 publications

References 19 publications

EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-0.35C-6.3Cr MARTENSITIC STEEL

EFFECTS OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-0.35C-6.3Cr MARTENSITIC STEEL

Performances of hybrid high-entropy high-Cr cast irons during sliding wear and air-jet solid-particle erosion

Cryogenic Processing of HSS M2: Mechanical Properties and XRD Analysis

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