Effects of crowding and temperature on Wolbachia infection density among life cycle stages of Aedes albopictus

Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun; Kittayapong, Pattamaporn

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2009.08.009

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, in this study, the density of the abundant wAu strain was decreased to achieve abundances similar to those of other protective or nonprotective Wolbachia strains (36). Wolbachia abundance in host insects varies with host-Wolbachia combination, larval crowding conditions, environmental conditions, and the age of the insect host (3,6,8,9,18,46). Determining Wolbachia density under the same conditions as standard viral challenge assays confirms that observations of density correspond with levels of antiviral protection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Antiviral Protection and the Importance of Wolbachia Density and Tissue Tropism in Drosophila simulans

Osborne

Iturbe‐Ormaetxe

Brownlie

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

195

194

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dWolbachia, a maternally transmitted endosymbiont of insects, is increasingly being seen as an effective biological control agent that can interfere with transmission of pathogens, including dengue virus. However, the mechanism of antiviral protection is not well understood. The density and distribution of Wolbachia in host tissues have been implicated as contributing factors by previous studies with both mosquitoes and flies. Drosophila flies infected with five diverse strains of Wolbachia were screened for the ability to mediate antiviral protection. The three protective Wolbachia strains were more closely related and occurred at a higher density within whole flies than the two nonprotective Wolbachia strains. In this study, to further investigate the relationship between whole-fly Wolbachia density and the ability to mediate antiviral protection, tetracycline was used to decrease the abundance of the high-density, protective Wolbachia strain wAu prior to viral challenge. Antiviral protection was lost when the density of the protective Wolbachia strain was decreased to an abundance similar to that of nonprotective Wolbachia strains. We determined the Wolbachia density and distribution in tissues of the same five fly-Wolbachia combinations as used previously. The Wolbachia density within the head, gut, and Malpighian tubules correlated with the ability to mediate antiviral protection. These findings may facilitate the development of Wolbachia biological control strategies and help to predict host-Wolbachia pairings that may interfere with virus-induced pathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Antiviral Protection and the Importance of Wolbachia Density and Tissue Tropism in Drosophila simulans

Osborne

Iturbe‐Ormaetxe

Brownlie

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

195

194

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“…Wolbachia titres vary with environmental and physiological factors such as larval crowding (Wiwatanaratanabutr and Kittayapong, 2009), developmental and adult temperature (Mouton et al, 2006(Mouton et al, , 2007Bordenstein and Bordenstein, 2011), age (Unckless et al, 2009;Tortosa et al, 2010), and diet (Ponton et al, 2015;Serbus et al, 2015). In some scenarios, such over-replication could be interpreted as the destabilization of the symbiosis where Wolbachia takes advantage of the host (McGraw et al, 2002;Rio et al, 2006).…”

Section: Sexual Antagonism and Mother's Cursementioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia Associations with Insects: Winning or Losing Against a Master Manipulator

2016

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Wolbachia are intracellular, maternally inherited bacteria with an impressive history of adaptation to intracellular lifestyles. Instead of adapting to a single host lineage, Wolbachia evolved ways to jump across host species and establish relatively stable associations maintained through vertical transmission. Wolbachia are capable of manipulating the reproduction of infected hosts in a remarkable way. Traditionally, such reproductive manipulations have been regarded as the general mechanism by which Wolbachia spread through host populations. Recent evidence suggests that Wolbachia-host interactions are more complex than previously thought and may be driven by the onset and resolution of conflicts of interest. Here, we discuss how reproductive manipulation phenotypes may be transient. As the host adapts to infection, manipulation phenotypes attenuate and the continuity of the symbioses may rely on the physiological advantages Wolbachia may confer to their host. For facultative symbionts, such benefits are likely to be dependent on the environment. Here, we also review evidence that supports the view of environment-dependent facultative mutualism as a stable evolutionary outcome of Wolbachia infections beside extinction and obligate symbioses. Finally, our current understanding of the biology of mitochondria and Wolbachia unravels remarkable parallels in the way they interact with the nuclear genome. Great insights into both the Wolbachia and mitochondrial research fields can be revealed if such fields are considered to be overlapping, rather than independent from each other.

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“…Symbiont density may be influenced by factors such as temperature [30,31], age [32,33], host gender [13], reproductive cycle [34], polymorphism [35,36], larval density [37], competition among symbionts [38], location, and host immune response [39,40], which directly or indirectly affect host fitness. Management of chronic infections with endosymbionts may be achieved either by specific bacterial adaptations [9,16,[41][42][43][44][45] or by host modulation of the innate defense mechanisms against its microbial partners [39,45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Dynamics and Growth Rates of Endosymbionts During Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera, Liviidae) Ontogeny

2014

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The infection density of symbionts is among the major parameters to understand their biological effects in host-endosymbionts interactions. Diaphorina citri harbors two bacteriome-associated bacterial endosymbionts (Candidatus Carsonella ruddii and Candidatus Profftella armatura), besides the intracellular reproductive parasite Wolbachia. In this study, the density dynamics of the three endosymbionts associated with the psyllid D. citri was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) at different developmental stages. Bacterial density was estimated by assessing the copy number of the 16S rRNA gene for Carsonella and Profftella, and of the ftsZ gene for Wolbachia. Analysis revealed a continuous growth of the symbionts during host development. Symbiont growth and rate curves were estimated by the Gompertz equation, which indicated a negative correlation between the degree of symbiont-host specialization and the time to achieve the maximum growth rate (t*). Carsonella densities were significantly lower than those of Profftella at all host developmental stages analyzed, even though they both displayed a similar trend. The growth rates of Wolbachia were similar to those of Carsonella, but Wolbachia was not as abundant. Adult males displayed higher symbiont densities than females. However, females showed a much more pronounced increase in symbiont density as they aged if compared to males, regardless of the incorporation of symbionts into female oocytes and egg laying. The increased density of endosymbionts in aged adults differs from the usual decrease observed during host aging in other insect-symbiont systems.

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Effects of crowding and temperature on Wolbachia infection density among life cycle stages of Aedes albopictus

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

Antiviral Protection and the Importance of Wolbachia Density and Tissue Tropism in Drosophila simulans

Antiviral Protection and the Importance of Wolbachia Density and Tissue Tropism in Drosophila simulans

Wolbachia Associations with Insects: Winning or Losing Against a Master Manipulator

Population Dynamics and Growth Rates of Endosymbionts During Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera, Liviidae) Ontogeny

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