Effects of compatibility on foaming behavior of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends prepared using a chemical blowing agent

Kim, Do Young; Kim, Gi Hong; Lee, Dong Yun; Seo, Kap-Ho

doi:10.1002/app.45201

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In comparison, with longer annealing, the phase domain size increased, which led to the weakened heterogeneous nucleation and the relatively strengthened homogeneous nucleation. The previous studies also reported the decreased cell density due to the coalescence of phase domains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In addition, the cell structure of the PS40/PMMA60 blend foam is significantly dependent on its phase morphology before foaming. With a short period of annealing, the phase domain size was relatively small with a large amount of interface areas, which was favorable for the heterogeneous cell nucleation and thus endorsed uniform cell structure . In comparison, with longer annealing, the phase domain size increased, which led to the weakened heterogeneous nucleation and the relatively strengthened homogeneous nucleation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure evolution driven by phase separation and the corresponding foaming behavior of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends via a batch foaming process

Liu

Pang

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Morphology evolution of immiscible polymer blends during processing is a common phenomenon, but how it affects the foaming behavior is still unknown. The present work aims to study the effect of morphology evolution of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) blends driven by phase separation on foaming behavior via a batch foaming process. Morphology evolution of PS/PMMA blends were conducted via thermal annealing using a compression molding machine. Phase contrast optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the morphology evolution and cell structures. The diffusion coefficients were calculated to study the effect of morphology evolution on gas diffusion behavior. It was found that phase domain was increased in size with the annealing and that cell structure was significantly dependent on morphology evolution. The thermal annealing with a long time could dramatically impact cell structures, especially for the blends with a bi-continuous phase structure or a sea-island structure with very large phase domains. The diffusion coefficient for the interface was increased with the annealing, which resulted in the generally decreased expansion ratio. Therefore, annealing for a long time at melt states during processing should be avoided for obtaining welldefined cell structures for immiscible polymer blends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure evolution driven by phase separation and the corresponding foaming behavior of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends via a batch foaming process

Liu

Pang

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…All composites showed the characteristic peaks of the α-monoclinic phase planes (110), ( 040), ( 130), ( 041), ( 060), (220), and (202), and a small peak of the β-hexagonal phase (300). With the addition of CW in pure iPP, the β-hexagonal peaks appeared at 2θ = 15.9°, which is observed in all composites [21,27,30]. In all composites, a reduction in peak intensity and sharpness were evident because of a lessening in the amount of the polymer matrix, as evidenced in Fig.…”

Section: Fig 8 Xrd Pattern Of Pure Ipp and Compositesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Study of Mechanical, Thermal, and Microstructural Properties of Polypropylene/Ceramic Waste Composites

LÓPEZ-RAMIREZ¹,

FLORES-VAZQUEZ²,

CASTREJON-SANCHEZ³

et al. 2022

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In this work, the effect of reinforcement of the iPP with ceramic waste (CW), and the use of maleic anhydride compatibilizing agent grafted with polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) are studied. The composites were fabricated by extrusion and injection processes, and their morphology and microstructure, as well as fracture surface and mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed. Characterization by polarized optical microscopy showed that the ceramic waste particles were well-dispersed into the iPP matrix without the presence of agglomerates. However, the POE-g-MAH did not show good compatibility when it was added to the iPP/CW composite. Hardness Rockwell R, tensile and flexural measurements showed that the hardness, Young´s modulus, and flexural modulus increased with the incorporation of CW and without the POE-g-MAH. The ductility of the composites was several decreased with the addition of CW. POE-g-MAH affected the hardness, ductility, strength tensile, Young´s modulus, flexural modulus, and interfacial interaction in the iPP/CW composite. Analysis by X-ray diffraction showed that the CW also acted as a nucleating agent, increasing the crystallization degree, and forming the β-phase. Analysis of the Fourier transformed infrared showed transmittance bands of the iPP, CW, POE-g-MAH and composites. The bands were similar and there were no major changes in characteristic bands of composites, but CW and POE-g-MAH produced changes in the shape and intensity of band peaks of the iPP matrix. The CW addition to the iPP matrix modified the thermal properties of pure iPP, such as the degree of crystallization and melting temperature in the iPP/CW composites. The incorporation of POE-g-MAH decreased the crystallization temperature and crystallinity degree in the iPP/CW composite.

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“…Polyolefin Elastomer (POE) has excellent properties, such as superior elasticity, strong tensile strength, excellent thermal stability, aging resistance, weather resistance, resistance to ozone, resistant to chemical media, low density, easy processability, and low cost. Therefore it is widely used for impact modifier (Kim et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2020a;Yang et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EVA/starch/POE composite for footwear material: How the chemical composition affects its properties compared to standards

Lestari¹,

Priambodo²,

Nurhajati³

2021

MKKP

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The usage of biodegradable foam material in footwear components has positive impacts on environmental sustainability when disposed into landfills. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of polyolefin elastomer (POE) on its properties of foamed EVA/cassava starch composites compared to standards. Foamed EVA/cassava starch composites were prepared by mixing EVA, cassava starch, and additives using a two-roll mill laboratory scale. Content of POE was varied 10-20 phr. The ratios of EVA/cassava starch were varied from 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; and 60/40. Effects of POE were characterized its density, tensile properties, tear strength, permanent set, abrasion resistance, flex resistance, morphology, and biodegradability. It was found that the increase of POE content in EVA/ starch composites increased the density and abrassion resistance, but decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and permanent set properties. The best formula of foamed EVA/cassava starch/POE composites for footwear materials contains EVA 80 phr, starch 20 phr and POE 20 phr with density 0.983 g/cm³, tensile strength 22.27 kg/ cm², elongation at break 645.67%, tear strength 9.42 N/mm, volume loss 88.907 mm, no crack when flexed 150 kcs. These results met the requirements of SNI 0778:2009-Sol Karet Cetak for quality classification 3 of outsoles. The foamed composite containing POE20 has denser morphology than POE10, while the addition of POE has no significance in weight loss after burial test.

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Effects of compatibility on foaming behavior of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends prepared using a chemical blowing agent

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Structure evolution driven by phase separation and the corresponding foaming behavior of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends via a batch foaming process

Structure evolution driven by phase separation and the corresponding foaming behavior of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends via a batch foaming process

Study of Mechanical, Thermal, and Microstructural Properties of Polypropylene/Ceramic Waste Composites

EVA/starch/POE composite for footwear material: How the chemical composition affects its properties compared to standards

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