Effects of Chlorhexidine-Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on the Anti-Biofilm and Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement

Abstract

One of the primary causes for the failure of glass ionomer cement (GIC) is secondary caries. To enhance the anti-microbial performance of GIC without affecting its mechanical properties, chlorhexidine (CHX) was encapsulated in expanded-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (pMSN) to synthesize CHX@pMSN. CHX@pMSN was added at three mass fractions (1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w)) to GIC powder as the experimental groups. Pure GIC was set as the control group. The mechanical and anti-biofilm properties of GIC from each group were tested. The results demonstrated that CHX was successfully encapsulated on/into pMSN, and the encapsulating efficiency of CHX was 44.62% in CHX@pMSN. The anti-biofilm ability was significantly enhanced in all experimental groups (p < 0.001) compared with that in the control group. CHX was continuously released, and anti-biofilm ability was maintained up to 30 days. In addition, the mechanical properties (compressive strength, surface hardness, elastic modulus, water sorption, and solubility) of 1% (w/w) group were maintained compared with those in the control group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, adding 1% (w/w) CHX@pMSN to GIC led to conspicuous anti-biofilm ability and had no adverse effect on the mechanical properties of this restorative material. This study proposes a new strategy for preventing secondary caries by using CHX@pMSN-modified GIC.

Mutans streptococci growth on glass ionomer incorporated with chlorhexidine: in-vivo study

“…The results of our study were in accordance with Huiyi Yan et al [37] who tested the antibacterial effect of the Glass Ionomer -Chlorhexidine mixture and concluded that CHX was continuously released, and antibiofilm ability was maintained up to 30 days.…”

Glass ionomer cements with milled, dry chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate filler particles to provide long-term antimicrobial properties with recharge capacity

“…Supplementation with these CHX salts has also been found to be associated with a negative impact on mechanical properties [6] , [10] , [11] , [12] . More recently, some attempts have been made to incorporate CHX when loaded into particles that may facilitate gradual rather than rapid release, and there has been some success in this, but still the CHX release was heavily front loaded and decayed rapidly after the first 1–3 days [13] .…”

Applications of nano-materials in diverse dentistry regimes

“…However, it is necessary that further research should deal with more favorable incorporation approaches for endowing GIC with inuential anti-microbial capability and higher mechanical functions. 111 Maghsoudi et al examined the anti-biolm activity of nanosized curcumin-loaded particles synthesized by desolvation technique. Nano-particle systems have been explored in terms of the properties against Streptococcus mutans functions on dental models when curcumin was applied as a biological antibacterial factor to load into NPs.…”