Effects of Chemicals on Bud Break of Pistachios Under Mild Climate Conditions

Küden, Ali; Kaşka, N.; Nikpeyma, Yusuf

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1995.419.13

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Pontikis (1989) used hydrogen cyanamide in a four-year study, where he reported similar yield reactions. Küden et al (1995) found that Armobreak and cyanamide combinations showed the best improvement in the bud break of both vegetative and flower buds of three pistachio cultivars. Beede and Ferguson (2002) found that mineral oil applications showed the greatest advancement in vegetative growth, bloom and rate of kernel filling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Hydrogen Cyanamide (Dormex®) Application for Bud Break, Flowering and Nut Yield of Pistachio Trees Cv. Mateur in Warm Growing Areas

Ghrab¹,

Mimoun

2013

Ex. Agric.

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SUMMARYClimate change characterized by global warming is expected to have an incidence on fruit trees’ development and production. The severity of these effects depends on lack of chilling. The current study focused on the research of an optimal dose of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) treatment which can advance the bud break of female pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) to ensure better blooming synchronization with pollinators. A field experiment was conducted in northern Tunisia (36°49′N, 9°48′E) on mature pistachio trees. Two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 2% and 4% Dormex® were applied with reference to the control untreated trees. The flowering time, vegetative growth, starch content, productivity and nut characters were followed. Results show that 4% Dormex® advanced the normal bud break by 15 days and flowering by 11 days and improved natural pollination by synchronization of male and female flowers. Consequently, fresh yield and nut quality as split and blank rates and nut weight were improved. However, shoot growth, leaf area and starch content in current shoot seemed unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide applications. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used as 4% Dormex® and sprayed 45 days before bud break to improve pistachio productivity and prevent anomalies of lack of chilling due to global warming that could be more frequent in the Mediterranean areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Hydrogen Cyanamide (Dormex®) Application for Bud Break, Flowering and Nut Yield of Pistachio Trees Cv. Mateur in Warm Growing Areas

Ghrab¹,

Mimoun

2013

Ex. Agric.

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“…This practice presents significant problems, however, owing to a lack of knowledge about the efficiency of the treatments and the optimal concentrations and application times for distinct species and cultivars ( Ionescu et al, 2017a ; Rodrigo et al, 2017 ; Pasa et al, 2018 ). In order to assist the promotion of endodormancy release in these treatments, other agrochemicals like Armobreak ® or mineral oil have been used to prevent evaporation and help ensure that the treatments penetrate the plant ( Küden et al, 1995 ; Sagredo et al, 2005 ; López Alcolea, 2018 ). Several works in kiwi, pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.), apple and Prunus spp.…”

Section: Effects Of Agrochemicals On Endodormancy Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several works in kiwi, pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.), apple and Prunus spp. have indicated that the optimal concentration of agrochemicals like Armobreak™ and mineral oil is 3% ( Erez and Zur, 1981 ; Küden et al, 1995 ; Sagredo et al, 2005 ; Erez et al, 2008 ; Petri et al, 2014 ; Botelho et al, 2016 ; Hernández and Craig, 2016 ). Nevertheless, these products have not solved the problems linked to the promotion of endodormancy release.…”

Section: Effects Of Agrochemicals On Endodormancy Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Endodormancy Release in Temperate Fruit Trees Using Agrochemical Treatments

2022

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Endodormancy in temperate fruit trees like Prunus is a protector state that allows the trees to survive in the adverse conditions of autumn and winter. During this process, plants accumulate chill hours. Flower buds require a certain number of chill hours to release from endodormancy, known as chilling requirements. This step is crucial for proper flowering and fruit set, since incomplete fulfillment of the chilling requirements produces asynchronous flowering, resulting in low quality flowers, and fruits. In recent decades, global warming has endangered this chill accumulation. Because of this fact, many agrochemicals have been used to promote endodormancy release. One of the first and most efficient agrochemicals used for this purpose was hydrogen cyanamide. The application of this agrochemical has been found to advance endodormancy release and synchronize flowering time, compressing the flowering period and increasing production in many species, including apple, grapevine, kiwi, and peach. However, some studies have pointed to the toxicity of this agrochemical. Therefore, other non-toxic agrochemicals have been used in recent years. Among them, Erger® + Activ Erger® and Syncron® + NitroActive® have been the most popular alternatives. These two treatments have been shown to efficiently advance endodormancy release in most of the species in which they have been applied. In addition, other less popular agrochemicals have also been applied, but their efficiency is still unclear. In recent years, several studies have focused on the biochemical and genetic variation produced by these treatments, and significant variations have been observed in reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin (GA) levels and in the genes responsible for their biosynthesis. Given the importance of this topic, future studies should focus on the discovery and development of new environmentally friendly agrochemicals for improving the modulation of endodormancy release and look more deeply into the effects of these treatments in plants.

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